\  U.  S/  DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 
BUREAU   OF   LABOR   STATISTICS 


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ROYAL  MEEKER,  Commissioner 


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TENTATIVE 

QUANTITY  AND  COST 

BUDGET 

NECESSARY  TO    MAINTAIN   A   FAMILY  OF 

FIVE  IN  WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  AT 

A  LEVEL  OF  HEALTH 

AND  DECENCY 


(Prices  secured  in  August,  1919)         ^  v.'^^\38»^ 


iversity  of  Califorc 

Southern  Regional 

Library  Facility 


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WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

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TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introductory  note '. 4 

Part  I. — Quantity  and  cost  budget  necessary  to  maintain  a  family  of  five  in 

Washington,  D.  C,  at  a  level  of  health  and  decency 5-14 

Summary 5-7 

The  co-^t  of  a  budget  level  not  necessarily  a  fixed  money  cost 7-10 

Summary  of  budget 10, 11 

Itemized  details  of  budget 11-14 

Part  II . — Detailed  data  upon  which  budget  is  baaed 15-44 

I.  Food 15-18 

II.  Clothing 18-36 

III.  Housing,  fuel,  and  light 37-39 

IV.  Miscellaneous  expenses 39-44 

Appendix  A . — (Joet  of  food 45-49 

Ai»i>endix  B. — RentH  of  houses  and  ay)artments  in  all  sections  of  Washington, 

1 ' .  0 50-58 

Ayji)ondix  C. — Cost  of  upkeep  of  furniture  and  furnisluiigs 59-64 

Ai)!>endix  D. — MisrellaneouH  items 65-68 

Ajipendix  E. — Extent  to  which  actual  cost  of  (juautity  budget  may  be  lees  than 

market  coet 69-76 

3 


November  It,  1919. 
rNTRODUCTORY  NOTE, 
PRICE  CHANGES  SINCE  AUGUST,  181*. 

The  cost  data  cited  in  this  budget  were  obtained  in  August.  Since  that  time 
prices  of  most  commodities  have  changed.  The  information  regarding  such  changee 
is  noi  complete,  as  no  complete  survey  has  been  made  since  August.  In  certain 
cases,  however,  the  changes  are  known: 

Street-car /ares. — Street-car  faree  have  been  increased  from  a  flat  5-cent  rate,  with  a 
2-<ent  charge  for  transfers,  to  a  minimum  of  6i-cent  rate,  when  tickets  are  purchased, 
or  a  7-cent  rate  for  a  single  fare,  with  free  intracompany  transfers  and  a  charge  of  2 
cents  for  intercompany  transfers.  This  budget  was  computed  on  the  basis  of  a  6-cent 
fare,  disregarding  transfers.  The  increase  to  6J  cents  as  a  minimum  fare  would  in- 
crease the  necessary  allowance  for  street-car  fare  from  5145  to  T5fi."25  per  year. 

Rents. — The  indications  are  that  rents  have  increased  from  10  per  cent  to  25  per  cent 
ednce  August,  1919.  The  data  on  this  point  are  incomplete,  but  assuming  a  minimum 
increase  of  10  per  cent,  the  rent  allowance  in  this  budsi;et  would  be  increased  from 
$300  to  $330. 

Food. — Retail  prices  of  food  in  Washington,  according  to  the  figures  of  the  Bureau 
of  T-abor  Statistics  fsee  Monthly  T.abor  Review  of  October  and  November,  1919), 
were  2  per  cent  lower  in  October  than  in  August  This  would  decrease  the  food 
allowance  in  the  budget  from  $773.93  to  $758.46. 

The  result  of  these  price  changes  (disregarding,  for  lack  of  data,  other  possible 
changes)  would  make  tlie  Ortober,  191!t.  cost  of  this  budget  $2,288.25,  as  against 
$2,2f;2  47  in  Auguat,  an  increase  of  $25.78. 
4 


PART  I.— TENTATIVE  QUANTITY    AND   COST   BUDGET    NECESSARY   TO 

MAINTAIN  A  FAMILY  OF  FIVE  IN  WASHINGTON,  D.  C, 

AT  A  LEVEL  OF  HEALTH  AND  DECENCY. 

SUMMARY. 

This  report  presents  the  results  of  a  study  made  by  the  United 
States  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  to  determine  the  cost  of  maintain- 
ing the  family  of  a  Government  employee  in  Washington  at  a  level 
of  health  and  decency.  This  involved  two  inquiries:  (1)  The  estab- 
lishing of  a  "quantity  budget,"  i.  e.,  the  number  or  quantity  of 
the  various  things  necessary  to  maintain  the  living  level  referred  to ; 
and  (2)  the  ascertaining  of  the  total  cost  of  such  a  budget  at  the 
prices  prevailing  in  Washington  at  the  present  time  (August,  1919). 

DIFFICULTY  OF  ESTABLISHING  A  PROPER  BUDGET   LEVEL. 

Previous  studi(  s  of  the  subject  have  analyzed  the  conception  of  a 
budget  level  and  have  distinguished  several  levels.  Some  of  the 
more  important  of  these  are  as  follows : 

(a)  TTie  pauper  or  j)Overty  level. — This  represents  roughly  a  standard 
of  living  just  above  where  famili(  s  receive  aid  from  charity  or  where 
they  run  into  serious  debt. 

(6)  The  minimvm  of  svhsistence  level. — This  is  liased  essentially  on 
mere  animal  existence  and  allows  little  or  nothing  for  the  needs  of 
jiK'n  as  social  crcatun  s. 

(c)  The  minitionn  oi  health  and  cmnfort  level. — Tliis  represents  a 
slightly  higher  level  than  tliat  of  subsistence,  providing  not  only  for 
the  material  needs  of  food,  shelter,  and  body  covering,  but  also  for 
c<Ttain  comforts,  such  as  clothing  sidlicient  for  Ixxlily  conifort  and  to 
maintain  the  wearer's  instinct  of  self-respect  and  decency,  some  in- 
surance against  the  more  important  jiiisfortunes — <U'ath,  (h8a])ility, 
and  fire — good  education  for  the  chil(h"en,  some  annisejnent,  and  some 
expenditures  for  s<lf-dcv('lo|)jni'nt. 

Inasmuch  as  thr  prijiiary  aijn  of  this  study  was  to  furnish  infonnn- 
tion  for  nsc  by  th((  Joint  Commission  of  Congress  on  Jleclassification 
of  Salaries,  tiio  minimum  of  health,  decency,  and  comfort  was  kept  in 
mind  in  detennining  the  qiiiuitity  budget  and  in  selecting  qualities 
and  ascertaining  prices  of  articles  of  the  budget.  (Mearly  neither  a 
pauper  budget  level  nor  a  jnere  snbsistenc^')  level  should  or  conld  be 
B^ibmitted.  But,  when  the  effort  was  jiiade  to  go  further  than  this, 
to  detenninr'  a  level  above  mere  subsistence  but  not  so  higji  as  t(»  l»e 
unreaaonablu  for  the  purpos*-  for  which  it  was  to  be  used,  serious  diili- 

5 


0  PART  I. — QUANTITY  AND  COST  BUDGET — FAMILY  OF  FIVE. 

ciiltios  arose.  Part  of  the  difficulty  was  a  juattor  of  torminology. 
Plirasi'S  such  as  ''  a  comfort  level"  or  a  "level  of  reasonable  comfort" 
an>  by  no  means  clear  cut,  and  much  discussion  can  arise  as  to 
just  what  particTilar  "comforts"  should  be  included. 

BUDGET  LEVEL  USED  IN  THIS  STUDY. 

Finally,  after  long  consideration,  it  was  decided  to  use  as  a  working 
basis  a  budget  level  which  can  be  best  expressed  perhaps  by  the  phrase 
"a  standard  of  health  and  decency."  This  phrase  is  not  entirely 
precise  in  meaning.  No  phrase  of  the  kind  can  very  well  be  wholly 
satisfactory.  The  budget  herewith  suggested  is  intended  to  give  to  the 
average  family,  consisting  of  husband,  wife,  and  three  children  below 
the  age  of  14  years— 

(1)  A  sufficiency  of  nourishing  food  for  the  maintenance  of  health, 
particularly  the  children's  health; 

(2)  Housing  in  low-rent  neighborhoods  and  within  the  smallest 
possible  number  of  rooms  consistent  with  decency,  but  with  sufficient 
light,  heat,  and  toilet  facilities  for  the  maintenance  of  health  and 
decency; 

(3)  The  upkeep  of  household  equipment,  such  as  kitchen  utensils, 
bedding,  and  linen,  necessary  for  health,  but  with  no  provision  for  the 
purchase  of  additional  furniture; 

(4)  Clothing  sufficient  for  warmth,  of  a  sufficiently  good  quality  to 
be  economical,  but  with  no  further  regard  for  appearance  and  style 
than  is  necessary  to  permit  the  family  members  to  appear  in  public  and 
within  their  rather  narrow  social  circle  without  slovenliness  or  loss  of 
self-respect. 

(5)  A  surplus  over  the  above  expenditures  which  would  permit  of 
only  a  minimum  outlay  for  such  necessary  demands  as  — 

(a)  Street  car  fares  to  and  from  work  and  necessary  rides  to 

stores  and  markets; 
(6)  The  keeping  up  of  a  modest  amoimt  of  insurance; 

(c)  Medical  and  dental  care ; 

(d)  Contributions  to  churches  and  labor  or  beneficial  organiza- 

tions; 
(«)  Simple  amusements,  such  as  the  moving  pictures   once   in 

a  while,    occasional  street  car    rides  for    pleasure,  some 

Christmas  gifts  for  the  children,  etc.; 
(f)  Daily  newspaper. 

THE  STANDAKD  FAMILY. 

This  budget  has  been  worked  out  for  a  family  consisting  of  hus- 
band, wife,  and  three  dependent  children — a  boy  of  11,  a  girl  of  5, 
and  a  boy  of  2  years  of  age.  The  number  in  the  f.'imily  and  the  ages  of 
the  children  conform  closely  to  the  standards  used  by  the  Bureau  of 


SUMMAKY.  7 

Labor  Statistics  and  other  investigators  in  the  past.  The  determin- 
ing factor  in  selecting  the  standard  family,  however,  was  the  fact 
that  a  family  of  this  particular  size  and  composition  represents  actual 
existing  families  in  the  United  States.  The  average  number  in  the 
white  families  scheduled  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  was  4.9 
individuals  (equivalent  to  3.33  adult  males),  which  corresponds  very 
closely  with  the  standard  family  of  5  individuals  (equivalent  to  3.35 
adult  males).  The  assumption  that  the  three  children  of  the  family 
are,  respectively,  a  boy  aged  2  years,  a  girl  aged  5  years,  and  a  boy 
aged  11  years,  is,  of  course,  arbitrary  and  is  solely  for  the  purpose 
of  making  precise  calculations  as  to  food  and  clothing  consumption. 
The  children  in  this  standard  family  are  growing  children,  not  yet 
able  to  add  anything  to  the  familv  income,  and  not  so  expensive  to 
maintain  as  they  will  become  a  few  years  later.  This  standard 
family  is  about  half  way  between  the  family  with  no  children  and 
the  family  with  grown  children  capable  of  self-support. 

BTTDGET  OF  HEALTH  AND  DECENCY  NOT  INTENDED  AS  AN  IDEAL. 

It  needs  to  be  emphasized  that  the  budget  level  adopted  in  the 
present  study  is  in  no  way  intended  as  an  ideal  budget.  It  was 
intended  to  establish  a  bottom  level  of  health  and  decency  below 
which  a  family  can  not  go  without  danger  of  physical  and  moral 
deterioration.  This  budget  does  not  include  m;iny  comforts  which 
should  be  inchnled  in  a  proper  "American  standard  of  livinii;. " 
Thus  no  pro\nsion  is  directly  made  for  savings  other  than  insurance, 
nor  for  vacations,  nor  for  books    and  other   educational    purposes. 

On  the  other  hand,  a  family  with  the  items  listed  in  this  budget 
should  be  able  to  maintain  itself  in  health  and  modest  comfort. 
It  would  have  a  sufliciency  of  food,  respectable  clothing,  sanitary 
housing,  and  a  minimum  of  fju>  essential  "simdries. " 

THE   COST  OF  A  BUDGET  LEVEL  NOT  NECESSARILY  A  FIXED 

MONEY  COST. 

The  annual  expense  of  mnintnining  the  budget  level  above  de- 
scribetl  may  be  arrivccl  at  l»y  obtaining  and  totaling  the  current 
prices  on  each  of  \]w  individunl  items  enlciing  into  the  l)udget. 
Tliia  has  been  done  as  part  of  the  present  study  and  a  total  figure 
arrived  at  which  measures  the  annual  money  eost  of  all  the  budgetary 
items  at  the  prices  now  prevailing  in  Wtishington,  D.  C. 

It  is  highly  important  to  note,  however,  that  the  maintenance  of 
jiving  on  the  level  indicated  does  not  necessarily  require  the  receipt 
of  an  annual  income  of  precisely  this  amount.  Tliis  is  so  for  several 
reasons.  Tlius,  the  family  here  used  as  a  basis  of  computation  is 
one  consisting  of  husband,  wife,  an^l  three  dependent  children,  11, 
5,  an<l  2  years  old.  A  newly  mnii  ifd  ronple  does  not  stnrt  house- 
keeping with  a  family  of  3  ciiildreu.     It  is  Jissunicd  that  belore  mar- 


8  PART  I. QUANTITY  AND  COST  BUDGET — FAMILY  OF  FIVE. 

riniro  and  in  tJio  early  years  of  marriag^e  savings  will  have  been  aeeu- 
mnlated  eith(>r  in  the  form  of  money  savings,  household  equipment, 
or  partinl  ownei"ship  of  a  home.  These  accumulations  must  bo 
depended  upon  to  tide  the  family  over  the  period  when  the  children 
become  the  greatest  burden,  just  before  the  oldest  one  is  able  to  earn 
his  own  support  in  whole  or  in  large  part.  This  budget  assumes  the 
existence  of  an  equipment  of  household  turniture,  as  it  is  generally 
true  that  married  couples  do  purchase  the  major  part  of  their  house- 
hold furniture  either  at  marriage  or  shortly  tliereafter.  If  the  family 
has  savings  invested,  the  family  income  is  supplemented  by  the 
amount  of  interest  received;  if  the  house  is  owned  the  cost  of  the 
budget  level  here  provided  for  would  be  reduced  by  the  saving  in  the 
expenditure  for  rent.  Another  factor  tending  to  reduce  the  cost  of 
the  budget  below  the  market  cost  of  the  individual  items  is  tlie 
extraordinary  ingenuity  of  most  families  in  economizing,  particularly 
when  the  need  for  the  closest  economy  is  regarded  as  only  of  tempo- 
rary duration.  This  ingenuity  expresses  itself  in  Bfiany  way?;,  and, 
for  the  most  part,  ways  which  a  budget  study  such  as  the  present  one 
can  not  specify  or  estimate.  The  average  housewife  is  not  a  perfect 
cook,  a  perfect  seamstress,  or  a  perfect  "shopper,''  nor  does  slie 
have  time,  even  if  she  has  the  ability,  to  attain  100  per  cent  efru-iency 
in  cooking,  tailoring,  shopping,  and  the  many  other  skilled  trades 
which  slie  must  practice  as  time  and  capacity  permit.  On  the  other 
hand,  almost  every  housewife  does  possess  certain  a])ilities  along  one 
or  more  lines  and  by  the  exercise  thereof  is  able  to  reduce  expendi- 
tui'cs  along  these  lines  to  below  the  average.  However,  no  housewife 
ca,n  reasonably  be  expected  to  perform  more  than  one  miracle  of 
domestic  economy  each  day. 

In  many  families  the  husband  and  even  the  children  are  able  to 
contribute  certain  services — such  as  marketing,  housework,  repairs 
of  household — which  may  reduce  the  need  for  actual  money  expendi- 
ture or  may  permit  the  housewife  to  do  a  greater  amount  of  sewing, 
such  as  the  making  over  of  garments. 

In  these  and  many  other  w  ays,  families  are  often — it  might  even 
be  said  usually— able  to  maintain  a  decent  standard  of  living  at  a 
a  somewhat  lesser  cost  than  the  market  prices  of  the  budgetary 
items.  Clearly  these  economies  can  be  effected  only  at  considerable 
sacrifiee  of  time  and  convenicsnee  and  the  possibilities  of  such  econo- 
mif*8  are  often  greatly  overestimated.  The  not  infrequent  criticism 
of  standards  of  living  studies  that  families  do  actually  live  on  smaller 
incomes  than  those  indicated  is,  in  itself,  not  a  valid  criticism.  P'amilies 
may  and  do  Jive,  although  underfed,  underclothed,  unhealthily  housed, 
overworked,  especially  the  wife  and  mother,  and  deprived,  particularly 
the  children,  of  many  things  essential  to  the  development  of  healthy 
and  useful  citizens. 


BUDGET  LEVEL  NOT  NECESSARILY  A  FIXED  MONEY  COST.  9 

POSSIBLE  ECONOMIES. 

Recognizing,  for  the  reasons  just  mentioned,  that  a  family  may 
obtain  certain  items  of  the  quantity  budget  here  submitted  at  a  less 
expense  than  indicated  by  the  total  cost  of  the  items  at  current 
market  prices,  the  very  pertinent  question  then  arises  as  to  the  possi- 
ble extent  of  the  saving  which  may  be  thereby  efTected.  This  of  course 
can  not  be  determined  ^^'ith  precision.  But  it  can  be  determined 
v-ith  sufficient  accuracy  to  indicate  the  extent  to  which  the  cost 
of  the  budget  at  market  prices  may  be  cut  by  a  family  which  is  thrifty 
as  well  as  economical,  which  is  fortunate  in  escaping  unexpected 
expenses  and  avoiding  bad  bargains,  and  in  which  the  house^^dfe  is 
ph^'sically  strong  and  is  highly  intelligent  in  purchasing  supplies  and 
in  the  management  of  the  home.  The  most  satisfactory  method  of 
arriving  at  such  an  estimate  is  to  take  up  each  item  of  the  budget 
in  order  and  consider  the  possible  ways  in  wliich  economies  may  be 
efTected.  This  is  done  in  detail  in  Appendix  E.  Here  it  is  sufficient 
to  present  in  summary  form  the  conclusions  there  arrived  at. 

Food. — The  food  prices  used  in  this  budget  are  average  prices  of  a 
large  number  of  stores  in  what  are  commonly  regarded  as  low-pricod 
neighborhoods  and  represent  quite  accurately  the  prices  paid  by  the 
average  family  living  in  such  neighborhoods.  The  only  practicable 
methods  of  "cutting"  these  prices  are:  (1)  To  be  able  to  purchase  each 
commodity  at  its  lowest  price;  (2)  to  buy  in  bulk— such  as  canned 
vegetables  by  the  dozen  cans ;  (3)  to  buy  seasonal  foodstuffs  only  during 
the  period  when  their  pricc^s  are  lowest.  There  are  obvious  diffirulti(^s 
in  the  practical  application  of  these  mothoda,  but  if  carried  out  to 
their  extreme  food  might  be  purchased  at  a  saving  of  possibly  7^ 
per  cent  on  average  markc^t  prices. 

Cloildrif). — The  clothing  prices  fisted  in  the  budget  are  the  lowest 
price  quotations  prevailing  in  the  stores  in  August-September,  191'.>. 
Special  sales  were  taken  into  consideration,  but  obviously  the  investi- 
gation could  not  cover  a  sufficiently  long  period  to  take  in  all  tlie 
bargain  and  spefial  sales  of  the  year.  By  consistently  following  such 
sales  a  family  might  effect  an  appn^ciable  saving  in  the  coiu*8e  of  u 
year.  Also,  by  consistently  "making  over"  the  outgrown  or  out- 
worn garments  of  one  member  of  the  family  for  the  use  of  another 
member,  a  further  saving  in  the  cU)thing  cost  might  be  efTeet(ul. 
The  present  budget  oIIowh  for  considerubhi  "  mukiiig  over"  of  clothf^s, 
hnt  not  for  carrying  the  practice  to  the  extreme  length  to  which  it 
might  conceivably  be  f-Mrriod,  for  the  reason  that  (his  wouhl  place 
heavy  additional  labor  upon  a  houso\\'ifo  who  is  already  very  seri- 
ously burdened  with  duties. 

By  these  \yro  methods  —buying  consistently  at  bargain  sales  and 
by  "making  over  "nil  giirments  physically  eapnble  of  bcMng  made 
over  a  family  might  effect  a  total  saving  on  the  clothing  biU  of 
141216°— 19 2 


10        PART  I. — QUANTITY  AND  COST  BUDGET — FAMILY  OF  FIVE. 

perhaps  10  per  cent,  without  lowering  the  clothing  staudarda  allowed 
for  in  the  budget. 

n<yitsing. — House  rents  are  not  completely  standardized.  Rents 
vary  considerably  for  houses  of  identical  character.  This  budge^t 
has  used  as  a  minimum  the  approximate  average  rent  of  a  large 
group  of  small  houses  in  low -rent  neighborhoods.  With  exceptional 
good  fortune,  a  family  miglit  obtain  a  house  at  a  10  per  cent  lower 
rent  than  that  allowed  in  the  budget,  although  the  chances  would  be 
equally  strong  that  it  would  have  to  pay  more  than  the  amount 
allowed  in  the  budget.  In  any  case,  the  maximum  saving  on  this 
it(Mn  could  not  well  exceed  10  per  cent. 

Sundries. — The  amounts  allowed  for  sundries  in  the  budget  can 
not  well  be  cut  by  the  average  family  without  lowering  its  level  of 
hving  below  the  standard  of  health  and  decency.  In  a  few  items, 
however,  an  exceptionally  fortunate  or  weU-situated  family  might 
be  able  to  effect  certain  savings.  Thus,  this  budget  allows  for  car 
fare  to  and  f^om  work,  on  the  theory  that  a  considerable  number  of 
employees  must,  of  necessity,  under  the  housing  conditions  now  exist- 
ing, live  at  a  distance  from  their  place  of  work.  If,  however,  a  family 
lives,  or  is  able  to  obtain  a  home,  within  walking  distance  of  the 
husband's  place  of  work,  this  item  of  expense  would  of  course  be 
eliminated.  In  this  and  other  ways  it  is  estimated  that  a  family 
favored  by  circumstances  may  be  able  to  obtain  the  essential  "  sun- 
dries" at  a  saving  of  possibly  S107.  50  in  this  budget. 

STJMMABY  OF  BUDGET. 

Cost  of  quantity  budget  at  market  prices. 

I.  Food 1778.98 

II.  Clothing: 

Hufiband $121.16 

Wife 166.46 

Boy  (11  years) 96.  60 

Girl  (5  years) 82.50 

Boy  (2  years) 47.00 

513.  72 

TIT.  Housing,  fuel,  and  light 428.00 

IV.  Miscellaneous 546.82 

Total  budget  at  market  prices 2,  262.  47 

Possible  saving  upon  market  cost  by  a  family  of  extreme  thrift,  of  high 
intplligonce,  great  industry  in  shopping,  good  fortune  in  purchamng  at 
lowest  pricf'B,  and  in  which  the  wife  is  able  to  do  a  maximum  amount  of 
home  work: 

-  I.  Food  (7^  per  cent) $58.04 

II.  Clothing  (10  per  cent) 51.37 

III.   Hou.«ing :W.  00 

IV.  Miscellaneous 107.  50 

Total  economies 246.  91 

Total  budget  minus  economies 2,015.  56 


SUMMARY   OF   BUDGET. 


11 


Samngs. — No  provision  is  made  in  this  budget  for  savings,  other 
than  the  original  cost  of  household  furniture  and  efjuipment,  which 
would  average  about  81,000  in  value.  No  definite  estimate,  of 
course,  can  be  made  as  to  the  amount  which  a  low-salaried  Govern- 
ment employee  should  be  expected  to  save.  But  an  average  saving 
of  12^  per  cent  of  yearly  salary  during  an  employee's  single  and 
early  married  life  would  seem  to  be  the  maximum  which  could  be 
expected.  O^er  a  period  of,  say,  15  years  this  would  result  in  a 
total  accumulation  of  about  ?2,000.  Assuming  81,000  of  this  to 
be  invested  in  household  equipment,  there  would  be  a  net  sum  of 
?1,000  available  for  investment  m  a  home  or  in  other  direct  income- 
producing  form.  In  any  case,  it  would  represent  an  annual  income 
of  approximately  SoO  per  year. 


ITEMIZED  DETAILS  OF  BUDGET. 
I.    FOOD. 


-:-^ — : — 

Item. 

Unit  of 

usual 

purchase. 

Weekly 

quantity 

per  fainilv 

of  3..S5  ■ 

equivalent 

adult 

males. 

Weekly 
ca;t. 

Beef  and  veal,  fresh' 

Pound 

do 

1.35 

.38 

.71 

1.03 

.00 

..52 

.66 

1.31 

1.31 

8.80 

.00 

1.25 

1.87 

.38 

.19 

.78 

3.13 

.68 

1.10 

7.50 

1.2:) 

9.60 

.85 

2.21 

7.71 

.70 

.95 

10.89 

.84 

1.83 

$1.61 

Bwf,salt»                      

.14 

Pork,fre.sh» 

do 

.38 

Pork,  salt,  including  smoked  ham  and  bacon  i 

do 

.53 

Mnttoni...                   .     .                                     

do 

.22 

Poultry  I 

do 

.21 

Other  meat,  including  sausage,  dried  tjcef,  etc' 

do 

.25 

Fish  and  other  .sea  food  ' 

do 

.39 

Eivs 

Dozen 

.79 

Milk,  sweet,  and  buttermilk  ' 

Quiirt 

1.35 

Cn  im 

I'iiit 

Pound 

...   .do 

.02 

.\'  1  k .  condcn.sed 

.25 

Hiiif^r  and  oleomargarine 

1.18 

CI  .  ...* 

do. ....... 

.19 

Tea 

.do. .   ... 

15 

C'>i\c  and  sul>stitute« 

...  .do 

.41 

f^Ti    ,r                          

do 

.34 

V                                <inip  and  honov 

do 

.12 

1              ,     ■  ■,             .'N 

do 

41 

I  lour 

do. ....... 

.60 

Cf >m  meal 

do. ....... 

.07 

Brif id  ' 

do 

1.01 

1<1(T            .                  

..flO 

.14 

( 1                

do 

.33 

1               -           

do 

.70 

1  •                     nd  cnniied 

.  .  .do 

.18 

P(illlltH-.i 

Peck 

.71 

Oi Ikt  \  I'lretables,  frt-jih  and  dried 

Pound 

.do 

.88 

Other  vegctrtbles,  canned 

.21 

Otlirr  food  * 

do 

.66 

Weekly  total 

•  11.56 

Yrnrly  total 

•  7.Vi.  !13 

Ice 

18.00 

Total 

773.09 

I  Total  meat  and  fl.ih  eqiiivnlent  to  1.37  poimdji  j>er  dnv. 

'  Kqulvalent  to  1.27  quarts  of  milk  per  da  v. 

•  Kqulvalent  to  1 .38  pound  loAve.1  of  bread  p««r  day. 

<  Ineliidlntr  crackers,  cake.  pl«i,  Ice  crwim,  cnndy,  Jelly,  oil,  chocolate,  pennnt  butter,  coco*,  nutji,  gelatin, 
opil  "nnned  -oiii'. 

■  The  weekly  qtiantlty  t)nd(f«<t  ha"  hmn  drnfiwl  from  I  ho  ynar's  budget,  which  oxplain<  the  Blight  dif- 
ference in  cost  between  the  weekly  total  and  the  yearly  total. 


12        PART  I. — QUANTITY  AND  COST  BUDGKT — FAMILY  OF  FIVH. 

n.  CLOTHING. 


Articles  of  olothing. 


HUSBAND. 


Ilat.folt 

Hat ,  straw 

Suit,  winter  (wool) 

Suit,  summer  (wool) 

Overcoat 

Raincoat 

Shirts,  cotton ; 

Union  suit,  summer 

Union  suit,  winter  (part  wool). 

Pajiimas 

Socks,  cotton 

Shoes: 

High 

Low 

Shoe  repairing: 

Whole  soles 

Half  soles,  including  neel.. 

Rubbers 

Gloves,  kid 

Collars 

Ties 

Handkerchiels 

Garters 

Belt 

Suspenders 

Um  orella 

Cleaning,  pressing 

Miscellaneous 


Total. 


■WIFE. 


Summer  clothivg. 


Hat 

Wash  skirt 

Waists,  cotton  (to  be  made  at  home) 

WaLst,  dress 

DrL'i,ses,  ootton,  thin  (to  be  made  at  home).... 
Underwear  (sepaniti-  garments  or  union  suits). 

Petticoat,  cotton,  muslin 

Shoes,  low 

Gloves,  cotton 


WiiUer  ctothivo- 


Hat 

Suit,  wool 

Dress,  wool  sf^rge 

Coat,  wool 

Pet* '  'k  cotton 

Ur  .nion  suit,  pari 

8h.  

Gloves,  icid 


.  ool  I. 


Year-TOuiM  clothing. 


House  dresses 

Aprrm,  kltchiTi 

Cors^'t  fRtan'lard  make). 

Cor  

R;  

Nit.     ■.!.-,-.. 

Kimono 

Stoc^ines.  fotton 

Sh.y  '; 


H:  

Um:il'  II  ; 

Rubbers 

Cleaning  and  pressing 

MiscclLineous V 


Unit  price. 


$4.00 

2.0(J 

40.  00 

40.00 

40.  0(^ 

16.00 

2.00 

1.50 

3.50 

2.50 

.,50 

7.50 
7.50 

3.50 

2.50 

1.25 

3.00 

.25 

.50 

.26 

.36 

1.50 

.75 

4.00 

1.50 


Total. 


7.50 
5.00 
2.50 
7.  .50 
5.00 
1.00 
2.00 
8.50 
1.00 


10.00 

5.3.00 

25.00 

60.00 

3.00 

3.00 

9.50 

2.60 


3.00 
.GO 

6.00 
.85 
.50 

1.50 

4.50 
.65 

.40 
3.00 

.25 
3.00 
1..V) 
3.00 


Replace- 
ment per 
year. 


Yearly  ( ost. 


6 
3 
1 
1 
12 


1 

1 
h 
I 
12" 

3 

K 

2 


i 
1 
1 
1 


J2.  00 

•J.  (HI 

20.00 

20.00 

10.  00 

2.50 

10.00 

4.50 

3.50 

2.60 

6.00 

7.60 
3.78 

3^50 

2.50 

.03 

1.50 

3.00 

1.50 

2.00 

.70 

.50 

.75 

1..33 

6.00 

3.00 


121. 19 


7.50 
2.50 
7.50 
.3.75 
10.00 
3.00 
2.00 
8.50 
1.00 


.5.00 

;2fi.  .50 

12.  .50 

If).  tiC 

3.f)0 

3.00 

9.50 

1.36 


6.00 
.00 
6.00 
2.56 
1.00 
3.00 
2.26 
6.20 

1.20 
3.00 
2.00 
1.00 
1.60 
3.00 
5.00 

160.  48 


ITEMIZED  DETAILS   OF   BUDGET, 
n.  CLOTHING— Continued. 


13 


Article  of  clothing. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly  cost. 

BOY,  11  YEAKS  OF  AGE. 

Cans  or h&ts • 

SI.  00 

16.00 

3.00 

2.00 

12.50 

t;.(X) 

-1.25 

1..10 

1.00 

3.H0 

1.00 

.60 

5.(X) 

3.(X) 

2.00 

1.00 

.50 

.25 

.50 

.10 

.25 

.60 

2 

i 
1 
2 
i 

1^ 
5 

3 

2 

2 

12 

3 
2 
5 
1 
2 
3 
2 
6 
2 
i 

S2.00 

Ruit   wool ...                                                             ....... .......... 

16.00 

Pants,  separate,  wool  (winter) 

3.00 

Pflnts.  RftnarftTA.  wool  anri  not f  on  ^siimmt^r'^    

4.00 

Overcoat 

6.25 

Sweater 

3.00 

0\  eralla 

1.25 

Shirts  or  blouses,  cotton 

Summer  underwear  (imion  suits) 

5.75 
3.00 
6.00 

Pajamas  or  nightshirts 

2.00 

Stockines 

7.20 

Shoes: 

High 

15.00 

Low        

6.00 

Shoe  renairint'  ("whole  solos )                                         

10.0!) 

Rubbers               

1.00 

Gloves  or  mittens 

1.00 

Collars      

.75 

1.00 

Handkerchiefs 

.60 

Ganors                 

.50 

Belt 

.30 

Uiscrllaneoim                                                                                       ......... 

1.00 

Total                                                                  

96.(50 

5.00 

2.00 
5.00 
2.25 

f..  00 

1.00 

15.00 

4.00 

1.00 
1.50 

.75 

1.50 
1.5d 

1.00 

\■^.^ 

.40 

4.00 

3.00 

.K5 

.50 

.10 

1 

1 

i 

1 

a 
1 

a 

5 
4 

a 
a 

1 

1 

la 

a 

8 

1 
1 
0 

a 

5.00 

Cap  or  hat,  winter: 

}             2.00 

Hat 

13. 50 

Dress  wool  f to  be  made  at  home)     .    . 

3.00 

Anron  ^to  bo  made  at  home) 

1.00 

Coat  

7.50 

2.0.) 

Cotton  petticoats: 

2.00 

^ Jilting  fljiimol     

1.50 

.Shirts        

1.50 

Drawers  rniislln               

1..'.0 

3.00 

a.  00 

3.00 

Nfe 111  dresses: 

\f  uslin           

1.00 

'  jiitlnir  flannel     

1.2-. 

4.  so 

iho  ■< 

12.00 

9.00 

.85 

Mjtloria                 

.60 

.00 

.60 

a.  50 

82.60 

Flnt-s  or  caps: 

.50 

.75 

1.00 

12  (K) 

:}, .'.(» 

.50 
.30 
.«") 

l.mi 

l.()0 

1 

1 

8 

8 
8 

* 

2 
2 

.60 

.75 

J)r<;tspa,  cotton  .stilU,  rompers,  overfllls,  etc.  (to  be  made  at  home).. 
()  •  pfcoat          .•.•••-...•......-..• .• 

8.00 
0.00 

1.76 

Sir  >Tner  undprwpar: 

1.60 

r^rawrr-i    rtu s I fn •••••••....... ...«••.>>.. 

.90 

TTnHrru;!  i    I             .,,,. 

2.60 

Winter  und'  r-.M-ar: 

Undershirts - 

2.00 

2.00 

14        PART  I. — QUANTITY  AND  COST  BUDGET — FAMILY  OF  FIVB. 

n.  CLOTHING— Concluded. 


Articles  of  clothing. 


Unit  price. 


Replace- 
ment per 
year. 


Yearly  cost. 


BOY,  2  YEARS  OF  AGE — Concluded. 

N'ightdrp<:<:es: 

Muslin , 

•  "lutiiis;  flannel 

Stockings  and  socks,  cotton. 

Shoos: 

High 

I.o w  (sandals) 

Mittens ;  — 


•  >nrti>r-! 

Miscellaneoua.. 


Total. 


SI. 00 


1. 


1 

1 

10 

2 
2 
1 
2 


ti.no 

1.2.". 
3.0.) 

7.01) 

6.00 

.  .X.S 

.50 

1.00 


47.00 


m    HOUSING,  FUEL.  AND  LIGHT 

(This  item  covets  rent  at  $;«00  a  year,  and  fuel  and  light  at  $128  a  year.) 

IV.  MISCELLANEOUS. 


$428.00 


Upkeep  of  house,  furniture,  and  furnishings. 

Laundry  work 

Cleaning  supplies  and  services 

Hiallh .'.-•..- 

Insurance: 

(o)  Life  (disability) 

(6)  Furniture 

Car  fare: 

Husband.  600  rides 

^Vile  .iiid  children,  30)  rides 

.\miisi>ment3  and  recreation 

Xo  WSJ  )ai)(Ts 

Organisations: 

(o)  Church 

(6)  Labor 

Incidentals 


$70.00 

104. 00 

32.  *Ji 

KO.  00 

110.00 
1.50 

30.00 
15.00 
20.00 

X.40 

13.00 
10. 00 
52.  00 

640.82 


PART  n.— DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

I.  FOOD. 

ESTABLISHED  STANDARDS. 

In  the  determination  of  a  proper  family  dietary,  there  are  two 
standards  which  must  be  assumed  at  the  beginning,  (1)  the  scientifi- 
cally established  food  requirement  in  calories  per  day,  and  (2)  the  com- 
monly recognized  unit  of  measure  of  the  size  of  family  in  equivalent 
adult  males. 

Various  scientific  students  of  food  have  estimated  that  the  number 
of  calories  needed  by  a  man  at  moderately  hard  muscular  work  is  3,500 
per  day.  A  family  usually  wastes  about  1 0  per  cent  of  the  caloric  value 
of  food  in  preparation,  cooking,  etc.,  and  also  a  small  per  cent  of  the 
food  which  enters  the  mouth  is  not  digested  or  assimilated.  There- 
fore, 3,500  calories  purchased  represents  approximately  3,100  to  3,200 
calories  actually  consumed  by  the  body.  The  standard  of  3,500 
calories  is  for  a  man  at  moderately  hard  muscular  work,  and  since 
most  Government  clerks  are  engaged  in  ver>'  light  muscular  labor  the 
3,100-3,200  calories  would  appear  to  be  sufficient.  On  the  other 
hand,  when  Government  employees  are  taken  as  a  whole,  and  when 
those  who  are  engaged  in  moderately  hard  physical  work  in  the 
Government  Printing  Office  and  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Print- 
ing are  taken  into  consideration,  the  allowance  of  3,500  calories 
purcha.sed  to  yield  3,100-3,200  seems  to  be  none  too  high. 

The  standard  of  a  definite  number  of  calories  per  man  per  day 
makes  it  iioccssary  to  ascertain  the  food  requirements  of  the  other 
members  of  the  family  and  convert  them  into  terms  of  a  common  unit 
of  measurement,  namely  the  equivalent  adult  male.  In  order  to  make 
precise  calculations,  the;  following-  food  budget  has  been  drawn 
up  on  the  basis  of  a  family  of  5-  husi)an(l.  wife,  and  3  children, 
boy,  aged  11,  girl,  5,  and  hoy,  2.  According  to  the  standard  estab- 
lished by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Lal)or  Statistics,  taking  the 
calorie  ref|uirement  of  a  man  as  I.O,  that  of  a  woman  is  0.9;  u 
boy  of  11  years,  0.0;  a  girl  of  5  years,  0.4;  and  a  boy  of  2  years,  0.15. 
The  combined  food  re<juir(!ments  of  this  family,  which  is  considered 
an  average-sized  family  and  ha,s  been  taken  as  a  normal  family,  wouhl 
be  equal  to  that  of  3.35  adult  males. 

METHOD  OF  DETERMINING  THE  QUANTITY  BUDGET. 

The  f|uantity  food  budget  submitted  here  as  representing  the  mini- 
mum food  rec|uirement«  of  a  family  of  5  was  obtained  by  averaging 
the  actual  amounts  of  food  used  by  2H0  selected  families  with  three 

15 


IG       PART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

chiUlii'ii  of  about  the  a^es  indicated.  The  families  chosen  from  each 
city  averaged  in  size  approximately  3.35  equivalent  adult  males,  and 
3,500  calories  of  food  purchased  per  man  per  day.  On  further  detailed 
analysis,  and  by  comparison  Avith  a  recognized  standard,  the  average 
dietaiy  of  3,500  calories  thus  obtained  was  found  to  consist  of  meat, 
milk,  vegetables,  etc.,  in  such  proportions  as  to  furnish  the  body  in 
a  g(Mieral  way  with  the  necessary  amounts  of  proteins,  fats,  carbo- 
hydrates, mineral  constituents,  acids,  and  other  substances  necessary 
for  the  maintenance  of  health.  Following  is  a  comparison  of  the  food 
allowance  of  this  budget  with  the  minimum  standards  generally 
accepted  by  scientific  students  of  the  subject: 

OUNCES  OF  FOOD  CONSUMED  PER  MAN  PER  DAY. 


Meat. 

Fish. 

Dair.- 
prod- 
ucts. 

Mlllr. 

Cereals. 

Vege- 
tables. 

Fruits. 

Fats. 

Sugar. 

Average  Df2f!0  bmllies. 

6.6 
4  or  5 

0.9 
2 

16.5 
10 

12.1 
11  or  12 

16.1 
12 

17.6 
16  or  20 

6.8 
10  or  20 

2.1 
2 

2.7 

2 

The  280  food  budgets  used  in  obtaining  this  average  were  selected 
from  family  schedules  collected  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 
in  the  recent  cost-of-living  survey  of  the  United  States.  These 
schedules  were  taken  in  great  detail,  giving,  among  other  things,  the 
amount  of  each  article  of  food  purchased  for  a  year  for  each  family 
scheduled.  The  280  budgets  used  in  this  detailed  calorie  analysis 
were  made  up  from  about  25  cases  from  each  of  11  representative 
cities. 

It  would,  of  course,  have  been  preferable  to  analyze  in  detail  280 
food  budgets  collected  from  families  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  but 
tlio  time  allowed  for  the  present  minimum  budget  prohil)ited  any 
such  plan.  It  seems  likely,  however,  that  the  average  dietary  here 
presented  is  not  far  from  correct.  By  taking  an  average  of  families 
located  over  a  considerable  area,  all  local  peculiarities  and  extreme 
tastes  should  have  been  smoothed  out.  The  applicability  of  this 
average  budget  to  the  city  of  Washington  is  further  substantiated 
by  the  fact  that  the  population  here  is  unusually  cosmopolitan,  due 
to  the  working  of  the  apportioned  civil  service. 

Another  possibility  would  have  been  to  use  accepted  standards  as 
a  guide  and  construct  a  dietary  composed  of  meats,  vegetables, 
milk,  etc.,  which  would  meet  the  ideal  requirements.  This  method, 
however,  would  have  been  difficult,  more  or  less  arbitrary,  and  sub- 
jcft  to  the  criticism  that  it  would  not  meet  the  actual  desires  and  pe- 
culiarities of  people  as  they  are.  Of  course  the  average  dietary 
has  its  obvious  defects,  and  is  not  recommended  as  ideal.  For 
instance,  it  is  highly  desirable,  from  both  an  economical  and  a  dietary 
standpoint,  for  a  family  to  secure  its  piotein  by  the  use  of  more  eggs 


FOOD.  •  17 

and  less  meat  than  the  quantities  used  in  the  average  budget.  As 
here  presented,  the  food  budget  which  has  been  arrived  at  is  based 
on  what  the  experience  of  a  large  number  of  families  in  various 
sections  of  the  country  shows  to  be  a  practical  minimum  for  the 
maintenance  of  health.  That  the  selection  of  foodstuffs  is  prob- 
ably as  economical  as  is  consistent  with  a  fairly  balanced  diet  is 
indicated  by  the  fact  that  the  families  whose  dietaries  are  here  used 
were  all  workingmen's  families  in  moderate  circumstances. 

FOOD  PRICES. 

The  average  quantities  obtained  for  the  standard  budget  were 
priced  on  August  19,  at  various  representative  stores  and  markets, 
and  the  average  of  these  prices  was  used  in  computing  the  total  cost 
of  the  food.  The  stores  visited  were  located  in  all  parts  of  Washing- 
ton, the  majority  being  in  the  northwest  section,  both  uptown  and 
df)wntown,  and  others  in  the  northeast,  southeast,  and  southwest 
sections.  Not  less  than  twelve  prices  were  secured  on  each  article  of 
food,   individual  and  average  prices  being  shown  in  Appendix  A. 

A  detailed  list  of  all  foods  in  the  budget,  quantities  for  a  family 
of  5,  average  unit  prices,  and  total  cost  for  the  year  also  appears  in 
Appendix  A.  The  weekly  quantity  budget  computed  at  the  average 
]>rices  has  been  shown  in  the  preceding  summar}^.  The  weekly 
total  of  .S14.55,'  or  S773.93  per  year  (when  ice  is  included),  for  a 
fi.mily  of  .3.35  adult  mjdes,  involves  an  expenditure  for  food  of  0.633 
cents  pcT-  man  per  day. 

On  fir.st  sight,  a  cost  per  man  per  day  of  0.()33  cents  appeared  liigh, 
and,  before  inchiding  tliis  amount  in  the  food  budget,  it  was  thought 
best  to  check  it  from  at  least  two  other  sources.  The  two  used  wove 
(1)  the  cost  of  the  Aimy  ration  at  Wa.sliington  barracks  in  August, 
1019,  and  (2)  the  cost  per  man  jxt  day  of  food  use<l  by  famili(»s  of 
Cjovernment  woikers  living  in  Washinglon. 

Kiguics  conii)iled  })y  the  supply  oflicc  show  that  the  daily  cost  of 
the  ration  at  \\'asliinL'lf»n  hai-racks  was  ().()I73  centsin  August,  1919, 
j.nd  this  in  spite  of  tlu'  fact  that  tli(»  Army  buys  in  large  quantities  and 
j);<'sumahly  escapes  any  exeej)tional  loeal  profiteering.  This  cost 
is  for  food  alone  and  docs  not  include  ice.  \\y  comparison,  the  figure 
foi'  the  Army  ration  fends  to  nuikc  the  0  t»33  cents  ari'ived  at  in  the 
food  budget  of  the  Bureau  of   Lahor  Statistics  s(»em  conservative. 

As  a  furthei-  cheek  on  the  cost  of  food  jicf  man  per  day,  <letailed 
food  estimates  were  secured  fi(»m  6-1  families  of  (Jovernment  workers 
jiving  in  Washin^'ton.  The  ((Uantiti(>s  nnd  costs  of  food  i-epoited 
\>y  tJiese  64  famili(s  foi  the  year  ending  rfuly  31,  1919,  have  been 
tabulated,  and  the  average  cost  per  man  per  <biy,  when  brought  up 

'  The  wpckly  quantity  bndgpt  has  h«H>n  flmftcd  from  Ihr  year's  budget,  which   explains  the  slight 
differcnr-c  i»  cn^t  betwp«n  thf  weekly  total  and  tbv  yearly  tuiul. 
141246°— 19 3 


18       PAUT  II. — DETAIhKD  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

to  ilato  (August,  1919)  on  the  basis  of  the  percentage  increase  for 
fooil  in  the  United  States  as  a  whole,  was  found  to  be  0.672  cents. 
Tliis  indicates  that  the  cost  of  food  in  the  budget  herewith  presented 
is  somewhat  lower  than  the  cost  of  food  which  families  of  Government 
workera  are  actually  purchasing  at  the  present  time. 

n.    CLOTHING. 

The  quantities  of  the  diffeient  kinds  of  clothing  required  by  the 
standard  family  have  been  arrived  at  by  personal- interviews  with 
Government  employees  and  their  wives  and  others  familiar  with  the 
standard  of  living  requu-ed  of  the  Government  worker's  family  in 
Wasliington,  and  have  been  checked  with  several  previous  studies, 
particularly  with  the  clothing  budgets  of  approximately  850  families 
with  children  under  15  secured  by  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  in 
1918-19. 

In  preparing  the  following  budget,  the  quantity  of  clothing  based 
on  length  of  wear  has  been  made  fundamental  and  agreed  upon 
before  tabulating  piices.  The  quantities  listed  in  the  budget  are 
for  annual  replacements,  and  it  has  been  assumed  that  the  amounts 
listed  will  be  supplemented  by  the  "holdover"  of  similar  garments 
from  the  previous  year.  In  the  case  of  a  garment  which  may  be 
expected  reasonably  to  last  over  a  period  longer  than  one  yeai-,  the 
annual  amount  has  been  expressed  in  a  fraction,  i.  e.,  a  coat  to  be 
worn  two  years,  as  h;  three,  as  ^,  etc. 

A  few  possible  alternatives  have  been  suggested,  and  individual 
tastes  will,  of  course,  make  other  changes  and  adjustments  necessary 
for  each  family. 

In  preparing  this  quantity  budget,  a  considerable  amount  of 
sewnngat  home  has  been  assumed  as  possible,  and  has  been  indicated 
accordingly.  ^Tien  more  than  the  specified  amount  is  done,  a  saving 
may  be  effected,  or  the  family  clothed  more  al)undantly.  On  the 
other  hand,  where  little  or  no  home  sewing  can  be  done,  economy  will 
need  to  be  practiced  in  the  number  of  garments  or  along  other  lines. 

Theoretically,  the  level  of  health  and  decency  in  clothing  has  been 
mterpreted  as  a  level  whicli  takes  into  account  not  only  the  physical 
needs  of  warmth,  cleanliness,  and  comfort,  but  which  also  has  such 
regard  for  appearance  and  style  as  will  permit  the  family  members  to 
appear  in  public,  and  within  their  necessarily  rather  narrow  social 
circle,  with  neatness  and  self-respect.  In  other  words,  the  clothing 
standards  of  the  family  should  provide  a  fair  degree  of  that  mental 
satisfaction  wliich  follows  from  being  reasonably  well-dressed.  But 
whde  admitting  the  desirability  of  this  more  generous  wardrobe,  an 
effort  has  been  made  to  allow  only  those  quantities  of  clothing  con- 
sistent with  the  minimum  requirement  for  health  and  decency,  and, 


CLOTHING.  19 

wliere  a  doubt  has  existed,  to  err  on  the  side  of  conservatism  rather 
than  to  present  an  opportunity  for  the  criticism  of  extravagance. 
So  emphatic,  however,  have  been  the  expressions  of  some  who  feel 
that  a  decided  error  has  been  made  on  the  side  of  rigid  econom}", 
that  a  supplemental  list  of  highly  desirable  additions  to  the  wife's 
clothing  has  been  prepared  and  made  a  part  of  this  report. 

After  the  minimum  quantities  which  could  reasonably  be  expected 
to  provide  the  replacement  needs  of  the  average  family  had  been 
agreed  upon,  committees  of  two  and  three  special  agents  of  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics  visited  the  local  stores  in  order  to  ascertain  the 
probable  cost  of  the  clothing  budget.  The  prices  were  secured  in 
August. 

In  securing  the  prices,  more  than  25  of  the  leading  stores  of  Wash- 
ington were  visited.  The  items  which  constitute  the  major  expenditure 
in  the  budget,  i.  e.,  suits,  coats,  dresses,  etc.,  were  priced  at  six  or 
eight  different  stores,  in  order  to  be  sure  that  the  prices  secured  were 
representative.  Fewer  prices  were  secured  on  articles  of  clothing 
which  are  more  uniform  in  price,  such  as  shoes,  stockings,  imderwear. 

Committees  were  employed  to  secure  these  prices  in  order  to  have 
the  benefit  of  a  consensus  and  to  secure  greater  uniformity  on 
the  questions  of  quality  and  comparative  values.  The  committees 
secured  prices  in  the  same  way  that  the  housewife  must  secure 
them — the  ordinary  "shopping"  method.  The  agents  merely  asked 
to  be  shown  garments  in  which  they  were  interested,  and  did  not 
reveal  any  further  motive  in  trying  on  the  garments  and  securing 
prices  on  them.  This  method  was  used  in  order  to  assume  exactly 
the  same  position  as  the  ordinary  housewife  shoppi^r  and  to  elimi- 
nate the  criticism  usually  directed  against  list  prices  furnislied  by 
dealers.  Every  garment  on  which  a  price  was  listwl  was  examined 
f(»r  quality.  suital)ility,  and  appearance. 

The  committees  kept  constantly  in  mind  the  ncu'csfiity  for  wise 
buying,  whi(;h  wctiild  efTcft.  the  greatc^st  economy.  All  classes  of 
Stores  wore  visiter  I  and  the  committees  saw  numerous  evidences  of 
th(i  fact  that  the  gmatcist  bargains  are  not  to  bo  found  in  the  cheapest 
stores.  It  is  t<j  be  regretted  tliat  many  people  who  must  shop 
economically  feel  in  duty  bound  to  shop  at  the  stores  which  are 
generally  regarded  as  cheap  st<»r<^s.  Mn«'h  l)(1ll(^r  values  were  often 
found  at  the  higiier  (•\i\^<.  <l(!parLmoul  stores  and  oven  in  the  so-called 
exclusive  cloLhing  stores. 


20       PART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

HUSBAND'S  CLOTHINa. 


ArticU. 


Eat,  felt... 
Hat,  straw. 


Unit  price. 


$4.00 
2.00 


Replace- 
ment per 
year. 


Yearly 
cost. 


$'j.  no 

•_'.  00 


Provious  studios  of  actual  expenditures  for  wage  earners  show- 
almost  1  ^  hats,  plus  oue-half  cap,  purchasotl  per  year.  No  additional 
allowance  has  been  made  for  caps,  and  this  estimate  is  considered 
very  conservative. 

Felt  hats  were  found  to  range  in  price  from  S3  up,  with  $4  as  the 
lowest  price  for  which  it  seemed  possible  to  secure  a  hat  good  enough 
in  quality  to  last  two  years.  Straw  hats  during  the  past  summer 
ranged  from  S2  to  S6.  The  $2  hat  was,  of  course,  of  very  poor  quality, 
but  might  last  a  season  with  reasonable  care. 


Suit,  winter  (wool). . 
Suit,  summer  (wool). 


$40. 00 
40.00 


$20.00 
20.00 


This  allowance  is  practically  the  same  as  that  shown  by  wage 
earners'  budgets,  in  wdiich  one  suit  a  year  has  been  considered  the 
minimum  allowance,  but  with  additional  allowance  for  work  clothes, 
separate  trousers  and  overalls— items  of  clothing  not  necessary  in  the 
budget  of  a  clerical  worker.  In  a  climate  like  that  of  Wash- 
ington many  men  buy  a  lighter  weight  wool  suit  of  mohair 
or  palm  })each  for  summer  wear.  Many  others  buy  a  modium-weight 
wool  suit  in  the  spring  or  fall  for  all-year  wear.  Th(>  net  cost  of  a 
summer  suit  to  wear-  two  years. and  a  winter  suit  to  wear  two  years 
vaW  be  about  the  same  as  one  new  suit  every  year  worn  summer  and 
winter. 

Winter  suits  were  found  in  the  southeast  section  of  Washington 
which  ranged  in  piice  from  S2.5  to  S40.  Suits  in  the  northwest  sec- 
tion ranged  from  S25  to  ?7o.  A  minimum  of  S40  seems  very  reason- 
able for  a  suit  of  sulHciently  good  quality  to  last  two  seasons. 


Overcoat. 


J40.00 


$10.00 


Previous  investigations,  as  well  as  individual  opinion  secured  in 
connection  with  this  budget,  seem  well  agreed  that  an  overcoat  should 
wear  for  four  years.  Oveicoat  prices  were  foimd  to  range  from  .S25 
to  .?7.5,  but  $40  seemed  the  minimum  for  a  coat  of  fairly  durable 
quality. 


CLOTHING. 
HUSBAND'S  CLOTHING— Continued. 


21 


Article. 

Unit 
price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Raincoat . 

$15.00 

♦ 

12.50 

The  Washington  climate  makes  a  raincoat  desirable,  but  one  of 
good  quality  could  doubtless  be  worn  for  six  years. 

Prices  ranged  from  .S7.50  to  .S30,  with  S15  as  a  reasonable  mini- 
mum for  a  raincoat  of  fair  quality. 


Shirts,  cotton . 


$2.00 


$10. 00 


To  buy  a  good  quality  of  madras  shirt  it  is  now  necessary  to  pay 
$2.60.  Shirts  speciallj^  priced  at  lower  figures — such  as  SI. 70 — were 
found  to  be  as  a  rule  of  inferior  qiuility  and  of  questionable  dura- 
bility. By  buying  out  of  season  it  appears  that  a  good  quality  of 
shirt  may  be  obtained  for  $2. 


Union  suits  Csuramer) , 

Union  suit  (winter;,  part  wool. 


$1.50 
3.50 


$4. 50 
3.50 


Owing  to  the  rather  mild  climate  of  Washington,  heavy  winter 
un  lenvear  need  be  worn  by  most  men  only  a  relatively  short  period 
of  the  year. 

Good  union  suits  of  summer  weight  can  be  purchased  for  $1.50 
each.     Separate  shirts  and  drawers  cost  from  SO. 75  to  $1  a  garment. 

Llnion  suits,  part  wool,  for  winter  are  at  the  very  lowest  $3,50 
a  suit.  Separate  shirts  and  drawers,  part  wool,  are  S'J.50  a  gar- 
ment, wliile  a  heavy  grade  of  cotton  may  bo  had  for  $1.50  to  $2 
a  j'arment. 


}'ajania.s 

Bocks,  cdtton. 


$2.50 
.50 


1 
12 


2.  50 
fi.OO 


In  the  Bureau  of  Lal)()r  .Statistics'  study  of  IIM.S  19,  10  paiis 
of  cotton  socks  wore  found  to  bo  the  average  in  practically  over\ 
income  group  from  $!>0()  to  $2,500.  In  addition,  the  laborer  usually 
had  from  ^  to  1  pair  of  wool  socks  and  about  ^  pair  of  silk  hose. 
Twelve  pairs  of  cotton  socks  has  seenuid  the  minimum  number 
ncH-essary  for  a  Government  einployecv  The  price  of  50  cents  jx-r 
pair  seems  to  be  tho  lowest  for  which  cotton  socks  of  good  quality 
can  bo  purchased. 


22        r.MJT   II. — nETAILED  DATA  UPON   WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

HUSBAND'S  CLOTHING— Concluded. 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

1 

Yearly 
cost. 

Shoe*: 

lliffh 

$7.50 
7.50 

3.50 
2.50 

1 
i 

1 
1 

$7.50 

Low 

3.75 

Repairinu; 

Whole  soles 

3.50 

Half  soles ,  inchidiiv^  heel 

2.50 

This  provision  for  shoes  is  supported  by  reports  of  actual  expen- 
ditures and  by  statements  of  various  Government  employees.  One 
repairing  has  been  allowed  for  each  pair  of  shoes  during  the  year. 
Since  the  repairs  allow  for  new  heels,  no  additional  separate  heels  have 
been  provided  for. 

Shoes  vary  widel}'  in  price,  and  also  in  quality.  After  investigation 
the  conclusion  was  reached  that  shoes  of  good  enough  quality  to 
last  a  year  and  stand  resoling  could  probably  not  be  obtained  for  less 
than  $7  or  $8  a  pair.  Lo^\'  ghoes  run  about  the  same  price  as  high 
shoes,  but  some  saving  may  usually  be  effected  by  buying  shoes 
out  of  season. 


Rni'liers 

$1.2.5 

3.  un 

.25 

i 
12 

$0.63 

U!  ■\es,kid 

1.50 

Collars 

3.00 

Other  investigations  have  allowed  from  $4  to  S6  for  wage  earners, 
whose  work  does  not  require  daily  wear.  Actual  statements  from 
Gcnernment  workers  support  the  fact  that  the  purchase  of  12  collars 
per  year  is  very  conservative. 


Tie^ 

$0.50 
.25 

3 

8 

SL50 

UandkercbieLs 

2.00 

A  plain  cotton  handkerchief  can  be  bought  for  25  cents, 
linen  costs  50  cents. 


Plain 


Oart«n 

$0.35 

1.50 

.75 

4.00 

1.50 

2 
1* 

4  suits. 

$0.70 

T'.^ii                    

50 

^ 

75 

I 

1.33 

( 

6.00 

\' 

lude  shoe  strinps,  repairs  to  watch,  etc 

3.00 

CLOTHING. 
WIFE'S  CLOTHING. 


23 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Hat , summer. 

S7.50 
10.00 

1 
* 

$7.50 

Hat .  winter 

5.00 

The  allowance  of  one  winter  hat  every  two  years  and  one  summer 
hat  every  year  is  much  the  same  as  that  allowed  wage  earner's  wives, 
although  the  standard  of  dress  required  of  the  wives  of  Government 
employees  is  higher.  Summer  hats  are  of  perishable  materia;  and 
can  not  be  made  to  last  more  than  one  season  as  a  rule. 

After  securing  prices  on  hats  in  a  half  dozen  different  stores,  $7.50 
was  decided  on  as  the  minimum  price  for  which  a  woman's  summer 
hat  of  fairly  good  style  and  quality  can  be  purchased.  Winter  hats  of 
medium  grade  can  be  bought  for  $10,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  these  could 
be  made  to  last  two  seasons.  However,  as  this  is  a  minimum  budget, 
a  $10  hat  is  allowed  every  two  years. 


Suit,  wool. 


$53.00 


$2(5. 50 


In  submitting  tentative  clothing  purchases  to  a  number  of  house- 
wives and  others  interested  in  clothing  budgets,  there  was  unanimous 
agreement  that  a  wool  suit  of  good  quality,  not  extreme  in  style,  may 
reasonably  be  expected  to  wear  two  years. 

The  cheapest  fall  suits  shown  in  the  majority  of  Washington  stores 
range  around  $50  in  price.  Generally  these  are  made  of  serge  and 
lined  with  a  medium  grade  of  silk  or  satin.  The  material  is  light 
weight  and  the  suit  has  nothing  in  either  (luahty  or  style  to  recom- 
mend it.  Most  of  the  stores  seem  to  carry'  only  a  limited  number  of 
$50  suits,  the  average  price  being  much  higher.  Alterations  vary  in 
price  according  to  the  work  done,  but  stores  uniformly  charge  extra 
for  alterations.  Three  dollars  was  considered  the  minimum  amount 
which  could  he  allowed  for  alterations.  This  would  make  the  total 
cost  of  the  suit  .S5;i  and  the  yearly  cost  $20.")()  if  it  is  worn  two  years. 


Wai.sts,  cotton  (to  >m  nia'le  at  hotnc). 
Waist,  drc-H.s 


$2. 50 

7. 50 


«7. 50 
3.75 


In  [)revious  budgets  thnM?  or  four  cotton  waists  have  becMi  alh)we(l. 
The  wife  of  a  Government  worker  will  need  one  additional  waist  of 
crepc!  do  chine  or  g«M>rgette  (^'ery  other  year. 

Three  dollars  was  (•onsidore<l  a  niinimuni  price  on  cotton  blouses, 
if  bought  ready  made.  M<»st  of  the  stores  visitcul  carried  a  blouse 
of  fairly  good  quality  for  'i2.7b  to  S3.     The  cheaper  blouses  wore  of 


24        PART  II. DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 


inforinr  luateritil  uud  not  economical  to  purchase.  If  these  blouses 
are  made  at  home,  a  fair  quality  of  cotton  goods  can  be  bought  at 
50  cents  or  75  cents  a  yard. 

If  2^  yards  at  the  average  price  are  allowed  for  a  blouse  and  SI  for 
trimming,  the  blouse  ^viW  cost  approximately  $2.50,  and  this  amount 
has  been  allowed  in  the  budget. 

Seven  dollars  and  a  half  was  felt  to  be  a  minimum  cost  for  a  fancy 
blouse  of  cr6po  de  chme  or  georgette. 

WIFE'S  CLOTHING— Continued. 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 

year. 

Yearly 

cost. 

Dres"!es,  cotton  (to  be  made  at  home).                      

$5.00 

2 

$10.00 

The  Wasliington  housewife  wiU  need  at  least  two  thin  summer 
dresses  each  year.  These  are  worn  constantly  during  the  summer 
afternoons  and  evenings,  and  the  warm  climate  necessitates  such 
frequent  laundering  that  they  will  scarcely  wear  for  more  than  one 
season.  The  minimum  price  on  thin  cotton  material  is  50  cents  a 
yard.  Allowing  6  yards  to  a  dress  and  a  small  addition  for  trimming, 
thread,  buttons,  etc.,  these  will  cost  S5  each. 


Wash  skirt . 


So.  00 


$2.50 


Previous  investigations  have  usually  included  in  the  wife's  clothing 
a  separate  skirt  of  some  description.  In  the  Wasliington  climate  it 
has  been  thought  best  to  allow  one-haK  white  wash  skirt  a  year.  If 
preferred,  however,  J  of  a  wool  skirt  may  be  substituted.  A  white 
wash  skirt  of  good  quality  may  be  purchased  for  $5,  or  a  wool  skirt 
for  SIO  to  $12.  Since  the  wool  skirt  could  doubtless  be  worn  twice 
as  long,  no  material  difference  in  cost  would  result. 


Dress,  woolser>;e. 


$25.00 


$12.50 


The  wife  of  a  Government  worker  will  need  one  dress  for  afternoon 
or  evening  wear  in  the  ^\•inter  and  spring.  It  is  desirable  that  this 
should  be  of  silk,  but  since  this  is  a  minimum  budget,  only  wool  has 
been  allowed.  It  might  be  more  economical  if  this  were  made  at 
home,  but  the  mother  of  three  chUdron  who  cooks  and  markets  for 
her  family,  cares  for  her  house,  sews  for  the  cliihlren,  does  the  family 
mending,  and  makes  her  own  blouses,  summer  dresses,  and  house 
dresses,  vnh  find  it  utterly  impossible  to  do  anything  more. 

-V  very  plain  wool  serge  dress  can  be  purchased  for  S25.  Prices 
of  wool  dresses  of  average  quality  range  from  S29.75  to  $39.75. 


CLOTHING. 
WIFE'S  CLOTHING-Continued. 


25 


•^                1-        ■■       -     ■                                       ■■      1     — ,--     .               ■             ■         ■                        1 ; — : :;_— - ■ 

Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost." 

House  dresses 

$3.00 

2 

S6.00 

The  minimum  number  of  house  dresses  per  year  was  decided  to 
be  two.  These  wall  have  to  be  supplemented  with  cotton  dresses  left 
over  from  the  previous  summer. 

Readv-made  house  dresses  were  shown  in  many  stores  in  August 
at  S2.50  and  S.3.50.  If  house  dresses  are  made  at  home,  a  better 
quality  of  material  can  be  used,  but  the  cost  will  be  approximately 
the  same.  From  five  to  six  yards  must  be  allowed  for  a  dress,  and 
gingham  of  onh'  fair  grade  is  50  cents  a  yard.  A  small  amount  must 
be  allowed  for  thread,  buttons,  etc. 


Apron,  kitchen. 


SO.  60 


$0.60 


Apron  gingluim  is  30  cents  a  yard.  Allowing  two  yards  to  nn 
apron,  the  minimum  cost  will  be  60  cents  each.  At  least  one  new 
apion  a  year  must  be  provided. 


(oat. 


$50. 00 


$16. 66 


The  wife  of  a  Ciovernment  worker  may  be  able  to  wear  a  wool  coat 
three  years  if  it  is  of  sufficiently  good  quality.  In  this  length  of 
time  there  will  be  some  expense  for  repairing  and  probably  relining  it. 

'I'he  minimum  price  on  wool  coats  in  August,  1919,  was  S50. 
Cojvts  shown  at  this  price  contained  only  a  small  per  cent  of  wool 
very  harsh  in  texture  und  weie  cotton  lined. 


Cotton  potticonts: 

Whilf  muslin 

$2.00 
3.00 

I 
I 

$3.00 

liark  cotton 

3.00 

A  very  plain  muslin  pcttifont  can  be  bought  for  $2.  It  seemed 
desirable  to  allow  u  fairly  good  gnide  of  garment  in  order  that  it 
could   he  alternatf'd   with  u  new  garment  after  one  season's  wear. 

One  dark  cotton  petticoat  has  been  allowiMJ  each  year,  and  this 
will  not  outla.sit  the  one  season's  wear.  Three  dollai-s  was  considered 
a  minimum  price  for  a  rotton  .skirt  of  fair  quality. 


Corset  fstan«lnrfi  mnkci. 


$6.00 


$0.00 


If  desired,  two  ?.3  corsets  may  be  suhstitutod,  but  this  will  not  be 
possible  in  the  case  of  a  stout  woman. 
144246°— 19 4 


20       PART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UFON   WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

WIFE'S   CLOTHINTO— Continued. 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Bra."wie.res 

$0.50 

1.00 
.85 

3 

3 
3 

11.00 

Summer  underwear: 
Separate  garments, 

or  union  suits 

3.00 

<  orset  covers 

3.55 

Corset  covers  at  75  cents  were  muslin  plainly  trimmed  with  em- 
broidery, and  at  85  cents  muslin  with  lace  trimmmg.  The  knitted 
underwear  in  the  union  suits  and  separate  garments  was  of  fair 
quality. 


Wlntw  underwear  (part- wool  union  suit*) . 


$3.00 


$3.00 


I'nion  suits  of  part  wool  are  $3  a  suit.     Separate  garments  are 
$1.50  each. 


Nigbt  dresses. 


$1.50 


$3.00 


If  carefully  laundered,  two  new  night  dresses  would  last  one  year. 
These  may  be  purchased  in  the  late  summer  sales  as  follows:  Of  good 
grade  muslin,  plainly  trimmed,  $1.60;  of  cotton  crepe,  $1.65;  of 
outing  flannel,  $2. 


Ktanono. 


$4.50 


$a.36 


KimoMOs  of  fairly  heavy  grade  of  cotton  crSpo,  plainly  made,  may 
be  purchased  for  S4  to  $5. 


Stockings  (cotton). 


fO.65 


$5.20 


In  the  recent  invastigation  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  the 
wives  of  wage  earners  in  the  income  group  from  $1,200  to  $1,800 
averaged  six  pairs  of  stockings  per  year,  and  almost  one  pair  of  silk 
stockings  in  two  years.  In  allowing  the  minimum  amount  of  stock- 
ings it  was  decided  to  eliminate  the  silk  stockings  altogether  and  allow 
eight  pairs  of  cotton.  Cotton  stockings  range  in  price  from  50  cents 
to  75  cents.  A  fair  grade  of  cotton  stocking  can  be  bought  for  65 
cents  a  pair. 


CLOTHING. 
WIFE'S  CLOTHING— Continued. 


27 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Shoes: 

High 

$9.50 
8.50 

3.00 
.40 

1 
i 

1 
S 

$9.50 

'  ow 

8.50 

Shoo  repairing: 

WTiole  soles 

3.00 

New  heels 

l.l'O 

Including  one  pair  of  new  soles,  this  budget  allows  the  wife  the 
equivalent  of  three  pairs  of  shoes  per  year. 

High  shoes  of  medium  grade  range  in  price  from  S8.50  to  $14.  The 
ah<olute  minimum  could  not  be  taken,  as  many  people  can  not 
be  fitted  in  shoes  of  this  price,  and  S9,50  was  decided  to  be  the 
lowest  reasonable  allowance  for  high  shoes.  Since  low  shoes  at 
$8.50  seem  to  be  generally  available,  this  amount  has  been  allowed. 

"Whole  soles  are  S3 :  heels  built  up  of  leather  cost  40  cents,  and  rubber 
heels  65  cents  to  75  cents.  No  rubber  heels  have  been  provided  in 
this  budget. 


Rubbers 

$1..50 

1 

$1.50 

The  sandal  rubbers  co.st  85  cents;  regular  rubbers  SI. 50. 

01o.f>3: 

iJd 

$2.  .50 
1.00 

i 

1 

$1.25 

Cotton 

1.00 

The  prices  allowed  for  gloves  are  minimunis.    Especially  in  kid  gloves 
it  may  be,  desirable  to  buy  better  quality  and  to  wear  them  longer. 


Hanrtkerchiols 

$0.26 
3.00 

8 

$2.00 

Umbrellas 

1  UO 

G^tton  umbrellas  may  bo  bought  for  $1.50  to  S3. 


Ctenninu  and  prp«lnK , 

Ul.srellaneous,  to  inclndn  hair  nets,  hiiirpins,  combs,  rolliirs  and 
cutis,  hand  b.-ii;  or  piir.w,  repairs  on  watch,  vcil.i,  dress  shields, 
■anitary  supplioa,  shoe  luces 


$3.00 


$3.00 


6.00 


Ton  cents  a  wook,  or  a  total  of  approximately  $5  a  year,  has  been 
coii-idorod  n  fair  amount  to  bo  allowed  for  miscc^llanoous  expenses. 

The  clothing  budget  has  boon  cut  down  to  wliat  amounts  to  almost 
a  subsistence  budget.  In  the  case  of  tho  wife,  it  would  be  highly 
desirable  from  the  point  of  view  of  comfort  and  of  the  standard 
expected  of  the  wife  of  a  Government  employee  that  she  bo  allowed 


28        PAIIT  11. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON   WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

at  least  S50  more  {)er  year  on  hor  clothing  budiij(>t..  The  prices  given 
presuppose  more  time  to  hunt  for  good  values  than  the  averuifo 
mother  of  three  cliilch'cn  can  afford.  She  is  allowed  no  furs,  and  tlie 
suit  allowed  is  of  rather  light  weight,  so  that  for  the  sake  of  her  own 
health  it  would  be  much  better  if  she  could  afford  to  buy  a  bettor 
coat  for  winter  wear. 

She  has  been  allowed  only  one  afternoon  dress  of  wool  to  last  two 
veal's,  and  she  has  been  allowed  no  dress  petticoat  to  wear  with  it. 
It  would  be  much  more  satisfactory  if  she  were  allowed  one  jersey- 
silk  petticoat  a  year.  This  woidd  cost  a  little  more  than  the  cotton 
one,  but  would  combine  comfort  and  durability.  It  is  questionable 
if  the  georgette  waist  allowed  every  other  year  can  be  made  to  last 
two  years  even  with  the  most  carefid  laundering,  and  this  is  her  only 
fancy  blouse.  The  same  is  true  of  the  two  cotton  house  dressoa 
allowed. 

The  ■w^fe  has  been  allowed  one  wool  dress  every  two  years  for 
afternoon  or  evening  wear.  Aside  from  her  suit  and  georgette  blouse 
this  wool  dress  is  the  only  garment  she  has  to  wear  to  social  affairs 
of  the  church  and  community.  A  wool  dress  is  essentially  a  business 
or  street  dress,  being  too  heavy  and  somber  for  afternoon  or  evening 
wear.  A  silk  dress  would  be  a  much  more  satisfactory  article  with 
which  to  supplement  her  suit  and  georgette  blouse  during  their  second 
season's  wear,  when  they  have  gro\vn  somewhat  worn  and  shabby. 
The  substitution  of  a  silk  dress  in  place  of  wool  serge  will  add  only 
S7..50  animaUy  to  the  wife's  clothing  budget,  as  silk  dresses  of  fair 
qualit\'  can  be  bought  in  the  Washington  stores  for  $40. 

Oidy  two  night  dre-sses  a  year  have  been  allowed,  and  these  will 
be  in-suflicient  if  she  has  any  illnass  during  the  year. 

A  winter  hat  has  been  allowed  only  every  oth(!r  year  and  no  allow- 
ance 1ms  been  made  for  retrimming.  Without  retrimming  it  will  })e 
out  of  style  by  the  second  year,  and  while  the  average  woman  should 
not  and  will  not  desire  to  wear  extreme  styles  neither  will  she  wish 
to  be  conspicuous  because  her  clothing  Ls  entirely  out  of  the  prevail- 
ing mode. 

It  would  be  highly  desirable  from  the  standpoint  of  comfort,  and 
probabl^^  of  economy,  if  the  wife  were  allowed  two  pairs  of  silk  stock- 
ings each  year.  The  cotton  stockings  on  the  market  are  of  poor  grade 
and  high  price  at  the  present  time  and  neither  so  comfortable  nor 
neat  looking  as  the  silk  hose. 

The  shoes  allowed  are  heavy  walking  shoes.  It  would  add  to  the 
wife's  comfort  if  she  were  allowed  one  pair  of  dress  shoes  at  least 
every  other  year.  Xo  allowance  has  been  made  for  house  slippers, 
and  this  mwms  that  she  must  make  her  low  shoes  of  the  previous 
year  hold  over  for  this  purpose. 


CLOTHIXG. 


29 


The  S5  allowance  for  miscellaneous  items  is  very  small  when  the 
simplest  collar  and  cuff  set  is  at  least  a  dollar,  when  hair  nets  that 
last  only  a  few  days  are  12^  cents  each,  and  when  aU  other  miscella- 
neous items  have  doubled  in  price.  It  would  appear  that  an  allow- 
ance of  SlO  would  more  nearly  meet  her  needs  for  miscellaneous 
items. 

ADDITIONAL  LIST   OF  DESIRABLE  ARTICLES  FOR  WIFE'S  CLOTHING. 


Article. 


Quantity 
desirable. 


Additional 
cost  to 
yearly 
budget. 


Winter  hat 

Better  quality  winter  coat 

Silk  petticoat 

Silk-  stockings 

Crfipe  de  chine  or  georgette  blouse. 

Nient  dresses 

House  dresses 

Dress  shoes 

House  slippers 

Miscellaneous 

Substitution  of  silk  dress  for  serge. 


$5.00 
8.33 
6.00 
3.00 
3.75 
1.50 
3.00 
6.00 
1.00 
5.00 
7.50 


Total. 


60.03 


•Amount  allowed,  $5;  amount  desirable,  $10. 
BOY'S  CLOTHING  (11  YEARS). 

ArtlcU. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

$1.00 

•a 

$2.00 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics'  study  shows  that  the  average 
an  ount  ot  head  wear  purchased  for  a  boy  in  wage  earners'  families  is 
not  loss  than  two  hats  or  caps  a  year.  This  number  is  almost  con- 
stant afl(!r  the  income  reaches  SI, 200. 

(iood  woolen  or  folt  hats  can  be  bought  for  13  each.  Caps  range 
in  prifo  from  7")  cents  to  Sl.ijO,  and  SI  was  coiisidorod  a  fair  allowance 
for  the  average  boy's  cup. 


Bui t ,  wool 

Pants, separate,  wfwl  'wiiilfrj 

Pant.s, separate,  wool  anil  r'otton  fsiimmfir). 


$16.  no 
3.00 
4.0(1 


Boys*  wool  suits  rnngo  in  price  from  S12..^)0  to  S20  and  up;  SIH 
was  considered  the  minimum  price  for  which  a  suit  of  fair  grade 
could  be  secured. 

^Vool  trousers  range  from  SI. 50  to  S3.  An  nllowance  of  S2  a  pair 
WMs  considerof]  the  minimu'^'  f(tr  extra  cordiiii»y  trousers.  If 
desired,  khaki  trousers  could  bo  used  for  summer  w«ar  instead  of 


corduroy. 


30       TART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON   WHICH    BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

BOY'S  CLOTHING  (11  YEARS)— Continued. 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Overcoat 

912.50 

i 

$6  25 

Overcoats  are  outgrown  after  two  years'  wear.     The  price  of  a 
niackinaw  is  $12.50. 

Sweater 

J6.00 

i 

$3.00 

A  good  grade  of  wool  sweater  costs  from  S5  to  $7.50;  $6  will  buy 
a  serviceable  sweater,  designated  "all  wool." 

$1.25 

1               SI  25 

Blue  denim  overalls  for  boys  are  SI. 25  to  $1.30  at  several  stores. 

Bhlrts  and  blouses 

$1.15                     A 

$,"|  75 

The  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics'  study  shows  that  regardless  of  the 
famih'  income,  boys  of  this  age  averaged  four  to  five  new  cotton 
shirts  a  j^ear.  A  blouse  ol  fairly  good  quality  of  cotton  can  be  bought 
for  $1  to  $1.15.     Good  grade  madras  blouses  are  $1.50  each. 


Summer  undffwear  (union  suits). 


$1.00 


$3.00 


Good  union  suits  of  knit  undenvear  can  be  bought  for  $1  each.  A 
cotton  suit  with  fasloniiigs  for  garters  tind  other  garments  is  $1.50. 
Separate  shirts  and  drawers  are  seldom  worn  by  boys  of  this  age. 


Winter  uoderirear  (union  suits). 


$3.00 


$6.00 


Union  suits  of  heavy  grade  cotton  are  $1.50  each;  of  part  wool,  $3 
a  suit. 


Pajimas  or  night  sbirts. 


$1.00 


$2.00 


Summer  weight   night  shirt.-;  mid  pajamas  are  $1  eacii.     Heavier 
weight  pajamas  aio  >J  a  suit. 


Stocking,  cotton. 


?<l.  60 


12 


$7.20 


In  the  Bureau  of  LaV)or  Statistics'  study,  12  pairs  of  stockings  was 
the  average  annual  purchase  for  a  growing  boy.  Heavy,  durable 
stockings  range  in  price  from  60  to  70  cents.  These  are  of  fast  color 
and  good  wearing  quahty. 


CLOTHTXG. 
BOY'S  CLOTHING  (11  YEARS)— Continued. 


31 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Shoes: 

High 

S5.00 
3.00 

3 
2 

$15  00 

Low 

6.00 

High  lace  boots  for  boys  are  S8  a  pair;  low  shoes  from  S3  up. 
The  minimum  price  for  a  good  grade  of  high  shoes  is  $4.50;  S5  was 
considered  a  fair  allowance  for  high  shoes  of  durable  quality. 


Shoe  repairing,  whole  soles . 


$2.00 


$10.00 


Including  repairs,  this  is  the  equivalent  of  about  10  pairs  of  shoes 
per  year,  and  is  supported  by  interviews  with  families.  It  is  higher 
than  the  number  of  paii-s  purchased  by  wage  earners'  families,  due 
possibly  to  the  fact  that  in  tho-^e  families  the  children  go  barefoot. 


Ruliliers. 


$1.(X) 


$1.00 


Kubbers  for  a  boy  of  11  years  range  in  price  from  85  cents  to  SI. 25. 
An  allowance  of  $1  was  considered  the  minimum  for  a  good  pair  of 
boys'  rub])ers. 


Gloves  or  mittens. 


$0.50 


$1.00 


A  hcav}'-  knit  glovo  Cc(jtt<jn)   which  answers  the  purpose  of  both 
glove  and  mittc^n,  is  50  cents  a  pair. 


Collars. 


$0.25 


$0.75 


Three  collars  have  been  considered  sullicient  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  boys'  shirts  fn'f|M(Mi(ly  include  collars.  Collars  for  boys  are 
the  saim:  f)rice  as  collars  for  men,  25  cents. 


TJra. 


$0.50 


$1.00 


Tiow  for  boys  range  in  pr'wv  from  50  cents  to  $1;  50  cents  is  the 
minimum  allowance  for  a  boy's  tie. 


nandkcrchiefs. 


$0.10 


$0.00 


Han(lkorrhi(ifs  range  in  price  for  ordinary  quality  from  10  cents  to 
25  cents  each. 


32       PART  11. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON   WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

BOY'S  CLOTHING  (U  YEARS)— Conohuled. 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Roplace- 

nipnt  por 

year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Garters 

$0.38 
.60 

a 
i 

SO.  50 

Belt     

.30 

One  belt  in  two  years  was  considered  sullicient  for  boys  of  this  age. 

MiscftUaneous 

$1.00 

Four  representative  stores  were  visited  to  obtain  prices  on  clothing 
for  a  girl  of  five  years  and  a  boy  of  two.  There  was  found  to  be 
considerable  uniformity  in  the  price  and  quality  of  the  articles 
selected  in  the  various  stores.  Unlike  clothing  for  women,  there  is 
not  a  wide  choice  in  the  necessary  wearing  apparel  for  small  children. 

GIRL'S  CLOTHING  (5  YE.^RS). 


Article. 


Unit  price. 

Replace- 

msnt  per 

year. 

$5.00 

2.00 
5.00 

1 

1 
1 

Yewly 

cost. 


Hat,  summer 

Cap  or  hat,  winter: 

Cap 

Hat 


} 


$5.  no 

'2.00 


'  For  1  cap  or  f  hat. 

It  is  possible  to  buy  a  knitted  wool  cap  or  tam  6'shanter  for  $2. 
A  trimmed  summer  hat  or  a  single  velvet  hat  for  winter  with  a  httlc 
trimming  costs  at  least  S5.  A  more  serviceable  beaver  hat  with 
tailored  band  costs  from  S5  to  $Q. 


Dresses,  cotton  fto  be  made  at  home). 
Dress,  wool  (to  Ije  made  at  home; 


$2.2.5 
6. 00 


$13.  .50 

3.00 


Figures  show  four  and  five  cotton  dresses  bought  per  year  in 
families  of  wage  earners. 

A  roadj'^-mado  cotton  dross  of  reasonably  good  quality  can  be 
purchased  for  $1.50;  those  of  sr)mowhat  V)Otter  quality  for  $2  to  $2.50. 
Cotton  dresses  made  at  homo  will  average  $2.25  each  and  the  grade 
of  material  will  be  better.  Two  and  a  half  yards  of  voile  have  been 
fillowed  for  white  drosses.  At  50  cents  a  yard  and  allowing  a  dollar 
ff)r  each  dre^s  for  trimming,  two  voile  dresses  would  cost  $4.50.  Ging- 
ham dresses  for  little  girls  are  usually  made  with  bloomers,  and  about 
'.i^  yards  of  material  are  required  for  a  dress  and  bloomers — 8|  yards 
at  50  cents  a  yard  will  make  each  dross  cost  $1.75  for  material.  If  50 
cents  is  allowed  on  oar-h  dre.ss  for  trimming,  four  drosses  will  cost  $9. 
This  is  more  economical  than  buying  the  dresses  ready  made.  Wool 
goods  of  good  quality  and  double  width  is  $4  to  $4.50  a  yard,  and 
li  yards  will  make  a  dress.  Allowing  $1  for  trimming,  the  woolen 
dress  will  cost  $6. 


CLOTHING. 
GIRL'S  CLOTHING  (5  YEARS)— Continued. 


33 


Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 
cost. 

Apron  (to  be  made  at  home) .... 

11.00 

1 

SI.  00 

Coverall  aprons  can  be  made  from  2  yards  of  material.  Gingham 
at  50  cents  a  yard  will  make  a  good  apron  which,  if  necessary,  can  be 
substituted  in  the  summer  for  a  summer  dress. 


Coat 


$15.00 


$7.60 


Expenditures  in  wage  earners'  families  show  coats  to  last  three 
years,  but  interviews  with  parents  in  Washington  indicate  that  after 
two  years  coats  are  usually  outgro^\^l. 

Winter  coats  of  fair  quality  of  wool  with  mercerized  cotton  lining 
ranged  from  $15  to  S21,  A  S15  corduroy  coat  lined  with  a  good 
grade  of  cotton  was  felt  to  be  the  most  economical  child's  coat,  as  it 
combined  warmth  and  durability  with  a  fairly  moderate  price. 


fiwcator     -- 

$4.00 

i 

52.00 

A  good  sweater  of  fairly  heavy  grade  may  bo  purchased  for  S5.50. 
Somewhat  lighter  weight  sweaters  were  priced  at  S3. 50  and  S3. 95. 

Cotton  f)etticf«ts: 

Muslin 

Jl.OO 
1..50 

a 
1 

S2.00 

OutlnK  flannpl 

1.60 

One  dollar  was  considered  the  minimum  price  for  a  muslin  petticoat, 
as  anything  undnr  that  prifo  was  of  very  light  weight.  One  heavier 
petticoat  of  outing  llannol  is  allowed,  at  $1.50. 


Sumvirr  underwear; 

Shirts 

SCV) 
.30 
.76 

8 
6 
4 

SI.  50 

Drawnrs  f  mii.slln) 

1.50 

UD'iorwaisls 

3.00 

Summer  union  suits  can  bo  purchased  for  SI  a  suit,  but  interviews 
with  parents  showed  that  small  children  wear  separate  garments 
in  most  coses.  Fifty  cents  was  considered  the  minimum  price  for 
whirh  a  good  c|uality  of  suirunor  shirt  could  be  purchased.  In  a 
wann  climate,  such  as  Washington,  muslin  drawers  are  used  rather 
than  knit  undordrawors,  and  those  can  l)0  bought  for  30  cents  a  pair. 
Knit  undorwaists  vary  in  pric^  at  dilTerent  stores  from  50  cents  to 
7")  cents.  Seventy-five  cents  was  allowed  as  a  minimum  price  for 
a  knit  underwaist  to  be  worn  both  summer  and  winter. 
144246°— 19 6 


34       PART  II. 


-DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 
QIRL'8  CLOTHING  (6  YEARS)— Continued. 


Article. 


Unit  price. 


Replace- 
ment per 
year. 


Yearly 
cost. 


Winter  luiderwear: 
Shirts,  wool. . . 
Drawers,  wool. 


$1.50 
1.50 


$3.00 
3.00 


Winter  union  suits,  part  wool,  can  be  bought  for  $3  to  $3.50  a  suit 
if  desired.  Separate  shirts  and  drawers,  part  wool,  have  been 
allowed  at  $1.50  a  garment. 


Ki}:ht  dresses: 

MiLslin 

Jl.OO 
1.25 

1 

1 

$1.00 

Oiitin?  flannel 

1  25 

One  new  nightgown  of  muslin  and  one  of  outing  flannel  have  been 
allosved  each  year.  It  will  probably  seem  more  desirable  to  renew 
both  muslin  gowns  or  both  outing  flannel  gowns  the  same  year. 

Muslin  gowns  of  good  quality  are  $1  each,  outing  flannel  $1.25  to 
$1.50  each. 


Stockings. 


$0.40 


12 


$4.80 


The  Bareau  of  Labor  Statistics  study  shows  that  an  average  of 
8  to  9  pairs  of  stockings  were  purchased  annually  for  children  of  this 
age.  Since  these  children  probably  go  ])arefoot  more  than  is  the 
custom  in  Washington,  12  pairs  have  been  allowed  for  the  children 
of  the  Government  employee.  For  a  girl  of  5,  cotton  stockings, 
well  made  and  of  fairly  heavy  weight,  can  be  bought  at  all  the  stores 
for  39  cents  to  50  cents  a  pair. 


Shoes: 
Hi?h. 
Low.. 


$12.00 
9.00 


One  pair  of  shoes  to  last  two  months  has  been  taken  as  a  fair 
average  for  the  children  of  the  GovernJiient  employee  in  Washington. 
It  is  somewhat  higher  than  estimates  for  laborers'  children,  due  to 
rii (Terence  in  class  and  standard  of  living. 

High  shoes  of  good  make  and  quality  range  in  price  from  $4.00  to 
.S4.50.     Low  shoes  can  be  bought  for  from  .S3  to  $3.50  a  pair. 


RubJjCTS. 


$0.8S 


$0.85 


Children's  rubbers  are  85  cents  a  pair. 


CLOTHING. 
OIRL'S  CLOTHING  (5  YEARS) -Concluded. 


85 


' "        1         ■■        Mil      ■■          —  -■ 1         —Ml'        - 

Article. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 

cost. 

Jlittens 

$0.50 

1 

$0.50 

Cotton  knit  gloves  will  cost  50  cents  a  pair,  or  mittens  from  50 
cents  up. 


Handkerchiefs. 


$0.10 


$0.60 


The  average  cotton  handkerchief  for  a  child  is  10  cents. 

Garters 

$0.25 

2 

$0.50 

Mi>cellaneous 

2.50 

BOY'S  CLOTHING  (2  YEARS). 


Hats  or  caps: 


Cap. 
Duck  hat. 


$1.25 


Caps  for  a  child  of  2  years  can  be  purchased  for  75  cents,  but  a 
knitted  wool  cap  will  cost  S2.  One  cap  at  75  cents  has  been  allowed 
and  one  duck  hat  at  50  cents  for  summer  wear. 


Dresses,  cotton  suits,  romjiers,  overalls,  etc.  (to  be  made  at  home). . 


$1.00 


$8.00 


Difference  in  styles  of  dress  for  children  of  this  age  make  it  difRcult 
to  estimate  the  number.  This  number  of  garments  has  been  arrived 
at  after  interviews  with  parents. 

Dresses,  suits,  and  rompers  may  be  bought  ready-made  for  $1, 
overalls  for  95  cents.  Made  at  home  these  are  more  econonucal,  as 
good  material  is  50  cents  a  yard  and  two  yards  will  make  a  garment. 


OTorcoat. 


$12.00 


$6.00 


It  seems  to  be  well  agreed  that  an  overcoat  for  a  child  of  this  age 
will  l)e  outgrown,  if  not  worn  out,  after  two  ynrs'  wenr. 

A  corduroy  coat  lined  with  good  cjuidily  of  cotton  lining  is  about 
112.  This  is  warm  and  serviceal)lo.  A  heavy  woolen  coat,  cotton 
lined,  costs  $15  or  $16. 


Sweater. 


$3.50 


$1.76 


A  woolen  sweater,  well  made,  costs  S.'i.50  to  S'^.05. 


BumnirT  un'lerwcar: 

Cn  lorshlrts 

$0..50 
.30 
.05 

3 
8 
4 

"•SI 

I  )rawprs  <  nmslin ) 

I'n'lprwaists 

2.60 

Union  suits  can  be  purchased,  if  desirable,  for  $1  a  garment. 


86       PART  U. DETAILED  DATA  UPON   WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

BOY'S  OLOTHINO  (2YEAR8)— Concluded. 


Artiola. 

Unit  price. 

Replace- 
ment per 
year. 

Yearly 

cost. 

Winter  underwear: 

Undershirts 

SLOG 

1.00 

2 
2 

$2.00 

Drawers 

2.00 

This  amount  of  underwear  is  the  minimum,  and  unless  other  gar- 
ments hold  over  from  the  year  before  this  estimate  will  probably 
prove  insufficient. 

Woolen  union  suits  vary  in  price  from  SI. 50  to  $2  a  garment, 
depending  on  the  amount  of  wool  contained.  If  desired,  these  may 
be  substituted  for  the  separate  garments. 


Night  dresses: 

Muilin 

SI.  00 
1.25 

1 
1 

$1.00 

<^ntfnp  flannel 

1.25 

Muslin  gowns  of  fairly  good  grades 
flannel,  SI. 25  to  $1.50. 

are  79  cents  to  $1  each;  outing 

Btocklnes 

10.89 

10 

$3  90 

In  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics'  study  male  children  had  from 
6  to  11  pairs  of  stockings  per  year. 

A  fairly  good  grade  can  be  bought  at  practically  all  stores  for  39 
cents  a  pair. 


Shoes: 
Eleh. 
Low.. 


$7.00 
6.00 


High  shoes  of  good  quality  are  .S3. 50  to  $4;  low  shoes  $3,  and 
sandals  can  be  bought  as  low  as  .52.29. 

Reports  indicate  that  repairing  of  such  shoes  is  not  feasible. 


Mittens 

$0.35 

1 

$0  35 

Mittens,  part  wool,  cua  he  bcjuglil  lor  35  cents  a  pair. 

Garten 

$0.25 

a 

$0.  .50 

Garters  fastening  at  the  waist  are  25  cents. 

Miscellaneous 

Jl.fK) 

HOUaiN^G,   FUEL,   AKD  LIGHT.  87 

ni.   HOUSING,  FUEL,  AND  LIGHT. 
Annual  cost  of  rent,  fuel,  and  light f428 

Housing  standard. — The  minimum  housing  standard  for  a  family 
of  five  has  been  taken  as  one  of  four  rooais  with  bath  and  running 
water.  The  possession  of  a  bath  and  running  water  is  necessary  to 
health  and  cleanliness.  Moreover,  at  the  present  time  practically 
all  houses  and  apartments  in  Washington  are  supplied  with  these 
conveniences,  except  very  old  structures,  which  even  in  other  respects 
can  not  be  accepted  as  offering  decent  and  healthful  housing.  The 
possession  of  four  rooms  is  absolutely  necessary  to  a  family  of  five  to 
prevent  extreme  overcrowding,  and  is,  of  course,  the  barest  minimum. 
It  would  mean  a  kitchen,  a  combined  living  and  dining  room,  and 
two  bedrooms,  with  the  necessity  in  many  cases  of  the  combined  liv- 
ing and  dining  room  being  also  used  as  a  sleeping  room.  For  the  partic- 
ular family  used  in  this  study  as  a  type,  five  rooms  and  bath  would 
be  the  only  comfortable  m.inimum.  In  anj''  case,  this  strict  minimum 
can  apply  only  to  apartments.  The  standard  small  house  in  Washing- 
ton is  one  of  six  rooms.  Houses  of  four  and  five  rooms  (except  some 
very  modern  suburban  bungalows)  are  almost  entirely  very  old  struc- 
tures without  modern  conveniences. 

Fuel  and  lujlit  standard. — C^ertain  pre^^ous  attempts  to  erect 
budgetary  standards  have  assigned  a  specific  amount  of  fuel  and 
light  as  a  minimum — such,  for  instance,  as  one  ton  of  coal  per  room  per 
year.  This  method,  however,  is  not  very  satisfactory,  especially  in  a 
city  like  Wasliington,  where  apartment  living  is  so  prevalent.  There- 
fore, in  the  present  study,  it  has  see^^od  bettor  to  base  the  minimum 
on  the  usual  expenditures  for  fuel  and  light,  during  the  past  year,  ])y 
families  housed  according  to  the  minimum  housing  staTulards  hoix) 
adopted  and  which  were  not  extravagant  in  their  use  of  fuel  and  light. 
By  using  this  method  the  dilliculty  is  avoided  of  trying  to  erect 
minimum  quantity  standards  for  various  sizes  and  kinds  of  coal,  and 
various  lighting  systems  —gas,  electricity,  and  kerosene.  The  choice 
among  the  articles  usually  does  not  depend  upon  the  desire  of  the 
occupant  but  upon  the  character  of  the  house. 

Cost  of  Jioiisinfi  and  fiu'l  ami  lujld.  In  noriiuil  times  the  det<^rmina- 
tion  of  minimum  house  rents  could  best  l)e  arrived  at  by  in'|uiry  as  to 
the  rentes  of  houses  and  apartments  actually  on  the  market  for  rent. 
At  present,  however,  owing  to  the  extro  no  congestion  in  the  city, 
there  are  practically  no  houses  or  apartments  for  rent.  Information 
(Ml  this  subject,  therefore,  is  necessarily  limited  to  that  regarding 
the  rents  actually  paid  by  occupants.  An  iiu|uiry  of  this  character 
was  made  among  several  hundred  e  i'pl(»yoos  of  the  vnrious  Govern- 
mont  depfirtinents.  The  results  have  been  tabulated  and  are  pre- 
Bouted  in  Appendix  B. 


38        r.MlT  II. — DHTAILKI)  DATA  UPON    WlIlCll   BUDGET  IS   BASED. 

The  following  is  a  brief  sumnmry  of  the  data  obtained: 

1.  Six-room  hov^e. — The  usual  monthly  rent  of  a  six-room  house 
in  the  low-ront  neighborhoods  of  the  city  at  the  time  of  the  inquiry 
fell  between  S22.50  and  S27.50.  It  therefore  seemed  proper  to  take 
S25  a  month  or  S300  a  year  as  a  fair  minimum  for  a  six-room  house, 
and,  as  was  noted  above,  this  type  of  house  is  the  standard  small 
house  in  Washington.  This  minimum  represents  only  the  average 
rent  paid  by  (rovernment  employees  for  six-room  houses  in  August, 
1919.  Also,  with  only  a  few  exceptions,  these  persons  had  occupied 
their  present  quarters  for  the  past  3  or  4  years,  and  their  rents  may 
have  remained  at  this  moderate  figure  for  this  reason.  A  newcomier 
in  Washington  or  a  person  obliged  to  move  probably  could  not  have 
secured  a  six-room  house  for  $300  a  year. 

The  average  expenditure  for  fuel  and  light  for  a  house  of  this  size 
and  type  was,  for  the  year  ending  August,  1919,  SI  15  per  year. 
The  increase  of  about  20  per  cent  in  the  price  of  coal  this  year  as 
compared  with  last  would  add  S13  to  this  item  and  raise  the  probable 
expenditure  for  fuel  and  light  during  the  coming  year  to  approxi- 
mately S128. 

By  adding  house  rent  to  the  cost  of  fuel  and  light,  a  total  mini- 
mum for  housing  expense  of  a  six-room  house  is  found  to  be  S428  per 
year. 

2.  Four-room  apartment. — In  Washington  the  term  four-room 
apartment  usually  means  four  rooms  including  a  kitchen  of  large 
enough  size  to  be  called  a  room.  If  there  is  a  small  kitchenette  this 
is  sometimes  not  included  as  a  room.  In  either  case  the  total 
amount  of  house  space  is  about  the  same. 

The  usual  rent  of  a  four-room  apartment  in  the  low-rent  sections 
of  the  city  was  found  to  be  between  527.50  and  S32.50.  A  rent  of 
S30  per  month  would,  therefore,  seem  to  be  a  reasonable  minimum. 

The  expense  for  fuel  and  light  for  an  apartment  of  this  size  and 
type  was  found  to  be  .?41  per  year  or  .S3. 50  per  month.  This,  added 
to  the  rent  of  $360  per  year,  would  make  a  total  yearly  cost  of  .$401 
for  a  four-room  apartment. 

3.  Flats. — An  apartment  consisting  of  a  whole  floor  in  a  single 
house  is  usually  called  a  flat  as  distinguished  from  an  apartment. 
The  number  of  flats  in  Washington  was  found  to  be  very  small,  and 
the  data  gathered  indicate  that  the  rent  of  such  places,  with  heat 
included,  is  approximately  the  same  as  the  rent  of  apartments  of  the 
same  size.  On  the  other  hand,  where  the  tenant  furnishes  his  own 
heat  the  net  cost  of  a  four-room  flat  seems  to  be  slightly  less  than  that 
of  a  six-room  house,  although  the  number  of  flats  found  in  the 
present  investigation  was  too  small  to  perinit  of  accurate  deductions. 

Summarizing  the  above  data  it  would  appear  that  the  yearly  cost 
of  rent,  fuel,  and  light  is  slightly  less  for  a  four-room  apartment  and 


HOUSING,   FUEL,   AND   LIGHT.  39 

a  four-room  flat  than  for  a  six-room  house.  This  difference,  however, 
is  too  small  to  outweigh  the  manifest  advantages  of  the  small  house 
as  compared  with  the  apartment  or  flat,  in  the  case  of  a  family  with 
children.  Moreover,  there  is  the  very  practical  fact  that  many 
apartments  virtually  refuse  to  accept  families  with  children  as 
tenants. 

The  minimum  sum  decided  upon  as  necessary  for  the  decent  and 
healthful  housing  of  a  family  of  five  in  Washington  has,  therefore, 
been  placed  at  S428  per  year.  Exceptionally  fortunate  families  are 
now  getting  their  housing  for  slightly  less  than  this  sum. 

IV.     MISCELLANEOUS  EXPENSES. 
Upkeep  of  house  furniture  and  furnishings $70 

The  budget  here  prepared  regards  the  initial  furnishing  of  a  house 
with  the  more  durable  articles  of  furniture  as  a  matter  which  the 
prudent  man  and  woman  should  attend  to  at  the  beginning  of  their 
marri(^d  life  before  they  have  the  burden  of  a  large  family,  and 
therefore  as  an  expense  which  need  not  be  counted  in  attempting 
to  fix  a  living  budget  for  a  family  when  it  is  at  its  period  of  maximum 
expense. 

However,  the  upkeep  of  house  furnishings,  such  as  bedding,  towels, 
and  kitchen  and  table  ware,  and  also  the  replacement  of  worn-out 
furniture,  is  a  necessary,  recurrent  expenditure.  Investigation  and 
study  of  existing  data  indicate  that  the  cost  of  such  upkeep  approxi- 
mates 6  per  cent  of  the  total  value  of  the  furniture  and  furnishings 
of  the  usual  household  of  persons  in  moderate  circumstances. 

A  special  investigation  was  made  by  agents  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics  to  determine  the  minimum  amount  of  furniture  and 
furnishings  necessary  for  a  small  house  or  ajmrtment.  Prices  on 
this  minimum  amount  were  secured  from  Wasliington  stores  in 
August,  1919,  and  found  to  total  S1,0S3.  Even  with  the  closest 
economy  in  buying,  including  the  purchase  of  some  second-hand 
furniture,  this  total  could  not  w(^ll  Ixi  reduced  below  S1,()()0.  For 
aimual  upkeep  6  per  cent  of  this  amount,  or  SCO,  woukl  bo  necessary. 
About  SIO  or  SI  1  a  year  additional  is  n^quired  for  gas  mantles  or 
electric  bulbs,  curtains,  and  a  few  other  articles  which  could  not  be 
estimated  quantitatively.  This  would  make  the  total  minimum 
annual  expenditure  for  uj)keop  of  house  furnishings  S70.  Full 
details  of  the  quantity  budget  and  of  itemized  prices  for  furniture 
niul  furnishings  are  given  in  Appendix  C. 

Laundry  work,  aflsiHtance  with  washing,  1  day  per  week $104 

In  the  family  of  five  used  as  a  basis  in  the  present  budget  estimates, 
the  wife  is  presumed  to  do  the  cooking  for  the  family,  to  do  the 


40       PART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 


cloauinj;;  of  the  house  or  apartmont,  to  make  most  of  the  simpler 
garmouts  worn  by  hoi-self  and  the  chilch-on,  to  keep  aD  clothes  in 
repair,  to  care  for  the  children,  and  to  do  the  marketing.  It  would 
seem  unreasonable  to  expect  that  in  addition  she  should  do  the 
laundry  work  entirely  unassisted.  Therefore,  this  budget  has 
allowed  for  the  assistance  of  a  person  for  one  day  each  week  and  $2 
per  day  seems  to  be  the  prevailing  rate  in  Washington  for  service  of 
this  kind. 

Cleaning  supplies  and  services $32.  92 

The  following  seems  to  bo  the  minimum  requirement  of  cleaning 
supplies  and  services  to  insure  personal  and  household  cleanhness. 
(.Mops,  brooms  and  brushes  are  included  under  furnishings.) 


Cleaning  supplies  and  services. 


Unit  price. 


Personal: 

Toilet  soap,  small  bar  Ivorv 

Toothbrush 

Toothpaste,  tube  or  box 

Combs,  hard  rubber 

Hairbmshes 

Shoe  polish ,  box 

Barber's  se^^■ices: 

Husband,  hair  tut 

Children,  hair  cut 

Household: 

Laundry  soap,  J-pound  bar 

Starch,  "pound 

Cleanser,  box 

Unspecifled  cleaning  supplies  and  services,  such  as  borax,  ammunia, 
washing  powder,  bluing,  insect  powder,  etc 


Total. 


$0.07 
.25 
.25 
.50 
1.60 
.15 

.50 
.40 

.06 
.07 
.05 


Quantity. 


70 

5 

12 

1 


12 
8 

120 

6 
36 


Total  cost. 


$4.90 

1.25 

3.00 

.50 

.75 

.90 

6.00 
3.20 

7.20 

.42 

1.80 

3.00 


32.92 


Health ISO 

Some  aUowance  must  of  course  be  made  for  the  maintenance  of 
health.  This  expenditure  includes  physician,  dentist,  oculist,  glasses, 
and  drugs,  both  prescriptions  and  prepared  remedies. 

No  definite  number  of  visits  to  the  doctor  can  be  assumed  as  nec- 
essary, but  aside  from  the  occurrence  of  major  illnesses,  colds  and 
the  various  fliseases  of  childhood  will  doubtless  make  a  doctor's 
services  necessary  at  some  time  during  th(!  year.  Not  only  will  this 
item  have  to  provide  for  prescriptions,  but  also  for  the  various  family 
remedies. 

At  least  one  visit  to  the  dentist  during  the  year  for  three  members 
of  the  family  will  be  necessary,  and  rarely  does  one  visit  prove 
sufficient. 

In  the  absence  of  any  known  quantitative  measurement,  it  has 
been  felt  that  the  most  accurate  figure  will  be  the  average  amount 
spent  by  families  of  Government  employees. 

A  special  investigation  of  the  expenditures  of  64  families-  during 
the  year  ending  July  31,  1919,  shows  the  average  expenchture  for 
doctor,  dentist,  oculist,  and  other  items  necessary  for  the  maintenance 


MISCKLLAJSTEOUS   EXPENSES.  41 

of  healtli  to  hare  been  $90.37.  The  year  covered  by  these  expendi- 
tures, however,  mcluded  the  "flu"  epidemic  of  last  autumn  and 
winter,  which  undoubtedly  added  to  the  average  expense  of  medical 
attention  and  medicine.  For  this  reason  it  has  seemed  reasonable  to 
fix  the  health  allowance  in  this  budget  at  $80. 

Insurance:  (o)  Life,  $5,000  ordinary  policy,  yearly  premium..... $110 

It  is  a  generally  accepted  fact  that  the  male  head  of  a  family  should 
carry  insurance  on  his  life  to  protect  his  wife  and  children  in  the 
event  of  his  death.  In  order  to  do  this,  it  is  necessary  that  the 
yearly  income  be  sufficient  to  meet  the  yearly  insurance  premiums. 
The  only  question  would  seem  to  be  as  to  the  amount  of  insurance 
which  should  be  can-ied.  It  would  seem  that  a  $5,000  policy  would 
be  the  minimum  for  protection  and  safety.  In  the  event  of  the 
husband's  death  this  would  assure  an  income  to  the  wife  and  childi-en 
of  not  over  $300  per  year  or  S6  per  week. 

Thirty-five  is  the  age  generally  used  as  a  base  in  estimating  the 
average  costs  of  insurance,  by  the  old-line  companies.  Many  persons 
under  that  age,  and  many  over  that  age,  take  out  msurance;  but  the 
average  person  is  about  35,  and  the  largest  number  of  policies  is 
written  for  persons  near  that  age.  The  New  York  Life  Insurance 
Co.  charges  an  annual  premium  of  $30.46  for  ordinary  iusm-ance  per 
$1,000.  Policies  of  this  kind  arc  payalile  only  at  death  and  the 
pohcyholder  continues  payment  up  to  that  time.  A  special  disability 
feature  attaches  to  policies  of  this  kind,  under  the  terms  of  which 
it  may  be  possible  that  the  beneficiary  will  recc^ive  as  much  as  $2,000 
instead  of  $1,000  as  written  on  the  face  of  the  pohey.  Without  this 
special  disability  feature,  ordinar}'  insui-ance  payable  at  death  costs 
$28.11  per  year.  Holders  of  policies  participate  in  the  earnings  of 
the  company,  receiving  yearly  dividends  wliich  are  genendly  dciducted 
from  the  j)remium  for  the  ensuing  year.  During  the  past  10  years 
these  dividends  have  amounted  to  $00. 7U.  'I'lnis,  it  is  possible  to 
estimate  ordinary  life  insurance  as  costing  $22  per  $1,000  per  year 
by  deducting  the  dividend  payments  from  $28.11,  the  minimum 
premium  quoted. 

While  these  figures  are  for  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Co.  only, 
approximately  the  same  rat(«  are  quoted  by  all  other  old-lino 
comptiniow. 

^VJl^  risk  insurance,  issued  by  the  Unitetl  States  Gov«irnm(Mit,  is 
avuilahle  only  for  p(TsonH  now,  or  formerly,  in  the  mihtary  or  naval 
service  of  the  Governmcuit.  The  amount  of  the  premium  payaljlo 
on  war  ri.sk  insurance  increases  ficni  year  to  year.  An  ordinary  life 
policy,  payablf^  at  death  of  the  insured,  and  on  which  premiums  are 
collected  each  year  during  the  life  time  of  the  insured,  for  each  $1,000 
costs  $20.78  at  the  thirty-fifth  year,  $35.66  at  the  fiftieth  year,  and 


42        PART  II. — DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

S104.7S    at    the   scwentieth   year.     These   policies    afford   insurance 
against  death  and  permanent  disabihty. 

Insurance:  (6)  Furniture $1.50 

Furniture  insurance  is  a  cheap  form  of  insurance  which  it  is  higlily 
imjiortant  that  every  family  sliould  carry,  as  the  loss  of  household 
equipment  is  an  extremely  serious  matter  to  a  family  of  low  income. 
In(|uir3'  made  of  the  Underwriters'  Association  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  shows  that  the  annual  premium  on  $100  worth  of  furniture 
(in  a  brick  house)  is  15  cents  per  year  when  paid  for  a  period  of  five 
years. 

Insurance  on  81,000  worth  of  furniture,  which  would  be  about  the 
average  value  of  furniture  of  the  type  of  family  had  in  mind  in  this 
study,  would  be  Si. 50. 

Car  fare,  900  rides $45.  00 

There  are  many  Government  employees  in  Washington  who  live 
so  near  their  ollices  that  car  fare  is  an  expense  that  need  rarely 
be  incurred.  On  the  other  hand,  the  large  area  covered  by  the  city 
and  its  suburbs  makes  it  absolutely  necessary  for  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  employees  to  ride  to  and  from  their  work,  and  for 
another  portion  to  ride  at  least  a  part  of  the  time.  In  view  of  this, 
it  seems  reasonable  to  allow  the  husband  two  car  rides  per  day  for  each 
working  day,  or  600  rides  in  total. 

Approximately  three  trips  per  week  on  the  street  car  have  been 
allowed  for  the  wife  and  children.  Local  open  markets  within  easy 
walking  distance  are  availaljle  to  comparatively  few  families  in 
Washington,  and  many  who  walk  one  way  must  take  a  car  home  after 
the  market  basket  has  been  fiUed.  In  addition  to  this,  the  mother 
of  three  children  will  need  to  make  occasional  trips  to  the  stores  in 
the  central  part  of  the  city  to  purchase  clothing  for  the  family,  and  it 
will  be  necessary  usually  for  her  to  take  with  her  the  2  and  5  year  old 
children,  involving  two  car  fares.  It  is  assumed  that  the  children 
will  be  able  to  walk  to  and  from  school.  ^ 

Computation  of  the  cost  of  street  car  fare  has  been  made  on  the 
basis  of  the  5-cent  fare,  as  no  reliable  data  exists  as  to  the  use  of 
transfers,  for  which  a  charge  of  2  cents  ismade  in  Washington. 

Amuflementfl  and  recreation $20. 00 

The  importance  of  recreation  as  a  factor  in  healthy  living  need 
not,  of  course,  be  emphasized.  It  is  accepted  as  an  everyday  fact. 
The  only  question  is  as  to  the  character  and  cost  of  such  recreation. 
Much  wholesome  amusement  arises  naturally  within  the  circle  of  a 
family  and  its  friends  and  costs  nothing.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
complexity  of  modern  city  life  places  a  money  price  on  many  simple 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXPENSES.  43 

and  desirable  forms  of  amusements.  Thus  a  picnic  for  a  family,  or 
a  visit  to  the  park,  involves  a  considerable  item  of  car  fare,  while  a 
trip  on  the  river  will  cost  a  dollar  or  more.  Moreover,  occasional 
visits  to  the  moving  pictures  are  to  be  expected  of  at  least  some 
members  of  a  famih'.  Thus,  even  though  the  more  expensive  forms 
of  amusement  and  recreation,  such  as  summer  vacations,  are  elimi- 
nated, some  expenditures  for  this  item  are  absolutely  necessary  if  a 
family  is  not  to  lead  a  completely  isolated  life. 

It  is  impossible,  however,  to  establish  quantity  standards  for 
amusements  and  recreations.  The  most  reasonable  method  would, 
therefore,  seem  to  be  to  use  as  a  guide  the  average  amount  expended 
by  families  of  Government  employees.  A  special  investigation  of 
expenditures  of  64  families  of  Government  employees  in  Washington 
shows  that  their  average  expenditure  for  amusements  and  recreation 
during  the  year  ending  July  31,  1919,  amounted  approximately  to 
$20.  On  the  average  these  families  had  expended  a  similar  amount 
on  vacations,  but  no  allowance  for  vacation  has.  been  made  on  this 
budget.     (See  Appendix  D.) 

NewspapeFB 1  daily  newspaper,  18.  40 

A  newspaper,  daily  and  Sundav  issues,  is  placed  in  the  budget 
because  it  is  desiral)le  that  every  citizen  should  read  a  daily  paper. 
In  addition,  the  modern  newspaper  offers  a  variety  of  literary  and 
educational  features  at  a  minimum  expense. 

No  allowance  is  made  for  magaziiU'S  or  books,  not  because  the 
reading  thereof  is  not  desirable,  but  because  a  family,  forced  to 
careful  economy,  may  avail  itself  of  the  public  libraries  for  all  forms 
of  literature. 

Thf  yearly  subscription  rates  of  the  Washington  newspapers  vary 
slightly,  with  .S8.40  as  the  nuiximum.  It  is  felt  that  the  maximum 
should  be  allowed  in  order  to  permit  the  reader  his  choice  of  news- 
papers. 

Organizations,  such  as  the  church  and  labor  unions,  play  such  an 
important  part  in  the  life  of  the  average  worker  and  his  family  that 
some  expenditure  on  this  account  must  be  regarded  as  essential  to 
normal  living.  In  the  present  budget,  expenditures  for  this  })urpose 
are  accepted  jih  necassary  for  the  majority  of  fumilies  only  in  the  case 
of  the  church  and  labor  organizations;  membership  in  other  organi- 
zations, such  as  the  Hod  Cross  Society,  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  and  social  clubs,  may  bo  very  desirable  but  can  not  bo 
regarded  as  necessary  for  a  family  with  low  income. 

(a)  rhurch  and  other  roligiouH  organizationfl I^l'.i 

Membership  in,  or  regular  attendance  at  a  church  almost  compels 
contributions  in  one  form  or  another.  Not  to  be  able  to  contribute 
usually  makes  the  individual  feel  so  "uncomfortable"  that  he  feels 


-14       PART  II. DETAILED  DATA  UPON  WHICH  BUDGET  IS  BASED. 

niiwillinj]:  tt)  atttMid  church  or  to  send  his  chikh-en  to  Sunday  school. 
Just  what  tlie  minimum  desirable  contribution  should  be  is  diflRcult 
to  determine.  In  any  case,  a  family  contribution  of  25  cents  a  week 
would  seem  to  be  a  bare  minimum. 

(6)  Labor  orgimizations $10 

^lembership  in  a  labor  organization  always  involves  contributions 
to  its  support  in  the  form  of  dues.  The  amount  of  those  dues  varies 
according  to  the  organization.  The  craft  unions  to  which  many 
employees  in  the  navy  yard  nnd  other  mechanical  divisions  belong 
hnve  as  a  rule  considerably  higher  dues  than  the  clerical  workers' 
organizations.  In  the  absence  of  other  data,  it  would  seem  that  the 
most  reasonable  method  of  arriving  at  a  minimum  allowance  for  this 
purpose  would  be  to  use  as  a  guide  the  average  amount  actually 
paid  for  lal)Or  organization  dues  by  Government  employees.  An 
investigation  on  this  point  showed  the  average  expenditure  on  labor 
organizations  by  64  families  of  Government  employees  in  Washington 
dining  the  past  year  to  have  been  810.08.      (See  Appendix  D.) 

Incidentals $52 

In  addition  to  the  expenditures  listed  above  there  are  a  large 
number  of  other  items,  mostly  small  or  occasional,  which  can  not  be 
entirely  avoided  by  a  famih^ — such,  for  instance,  as  moving  expenses, 
burial  expenses,  stationery  an^l  postage,  telephoning  or  telegraphing 
at  limes,  patriotic  contributions,  and  charity.  Also  a  few  minor 
comforts — such,  perhaps,  as  tobacco — are  almost  in  the  category  of 
necessities  for  certain  people.  No  minimum  quantities  for  these 
items  can  possibly  be  specified.  The  only  solution  is  to  grant  a 
modest  sum  of  money  as  a  maximum  to  cover  expenditures  for  all 
incidentals. 

The  amount  granted  by  this  budget  is  SI  per  week. 


APPENDIXES. 


APPENDIX   A.— COST   OF  FOOD. 

In  the  following  tables  are  showTi  the  average  price  per  poun  ! 
of  each  item  of  food  in  the  various  sections  of  Washington,  D.  C, 
and  in  the  city  as  a  whole,  on  August  19,  1919,  and  the  annual  cost 
of  food  required  for  a  family  of  3.35  equivalent  adult  males  com- 
puted at  average  prices: 

Table  I^COST  OF  FOOD  PER  POUND  IN  THE  SEVERAL  SECTIONS  OF  WASHINGTON, 

D.  C.  ON  AUG.  19,  1919. 


Southeast. 

Southwest. 

Northeast. 

Northwest. 

ATerage 

Item. 

Down 
town. 

Up  town. 

cost  per 
pound. 

Afeat. 
Beef,  fresh,  steak 

$0.44 
.33 
.38 
.36 
.58 
.74 

.42 

.52 

.63 
.41 
.30 
.45 
.52 
.34 
.21 
.21 
.60 

$0.51 
.37 
.25 
.50 

$0.50 
.36 
25 
.48 
.25 
.70 

.40 

.50 

.53 
.46 
.30 
.46 
.63 
.45 
.27 
.27 
.46 
.52 
.43 
.42 
.20 

.24 

.52 

l.rei 
.m 

.44 

.33 
.22 

.27 
.53 
.30 

.34 

$0.34 
..32 
.21 
.25 
.20 
.75 

.38 

.47 

.50 

.38 

.  .)>• 
.51 
.40 
.22 

•  *•*• 

.44 
.65 
.30 
.38 
.27 

.32 

.54 
1.07 

.74 
1.05 

.46 

.28 
.28 
.31 
.40 
.30 

.34 

$0.51 
.37 
.23 
.30 
.2<) 
.73 

.41 

.53 

.65 
.43 
.42 
.46 
.62 
.40 
.25 
.26 
.47 
.50 
.42 
.30 
.27 

.27 

.30 

$0.46 

roast 

.36 

stew 

.26 

side 

.39 

Beef ,  salt,  corned 

.32 

dried 

.78 
.43 

.53 

.53 
.4.) 
.43 
.38 
.4:) 
.IJ 
.23 
.23 
.43 

.76 

Veal,  fresh ,  cutlet 

roast 

.40 

stew 

Pork,  fresh,  chops 

roast 

.61 

■alt,  bacon  

.54 

hftmand  shoulder 

dde.dry 

.42 
.40 

pickled 

.40 

If  ntton,  chops 

.52 

roast 

.41 

stew 

.24 

side 

.24 

Poultry,  hens 

.15 

turkey 

.52 

BausaKe 

.41 
.33 
.22 

.26 

.38 

1.04 

.60 

.87 

}              .39 

.23 
.28 
.20 
.48 
.30 

\i       ■" 

.42 
.33 

.2;i 

.18 

.60 
1.22 

.80 
1.00 

.43 

.23 
.24 

.21) 
.48 
.41 

.42 

.42 

Liver 

.38 

KHney 

.26 

Brain-t 

Pii'sfeet 

Vnulloaf 

Rablilt 

Canned,  potted  hfof 

.40 

pork 

.95 

Cooked  meat ,  ham 

.86 

.77 

ton  Pile 

.04 

twIo^Tia 

.41 

.26 

.20 
.28 
.47 
.26 

.40 

.43 
.28 

corned  tieef 

W\ah ,  fresh 

lalt 

.23 

canned  salmon 

.W 

canned  tuna 

.48 

Oysters 

.33 

(jrabs :.::::::::.:: 

.38 

Clama 

46 


46 


APPENDIXES. 


T.\BLE  I,-C08T  OF  FOOD  PER  POUND  IN  THE  SEVERAL  SECTIONS  OF  WASHTNOTON, 

D.  C,  ON  AUG.  19,  1919— Continued. 


Southeast. 

Southwest. 

Northeast. 

Northwest. 

Average 

Item. 

Down 
town. 

Up  town. 

cost  per 
pound 

Dairy  prudiicls. 
Milk,  whole 

$0.07 
.22 
.08 
.30 

$0.07 
.18 
.07 
.30 

$0.07 
.19 
.07 
.30 
.36 
.68 
.43 

.69 

.42 
.40 

.08 
.08 
.08 

.00 

.11 

.14 
.27 
.09 
.51 
.11 
.11 
.10 

$0.07 
.21 
.08 
.32 
.37 
.68 
.44 

.61 

.42 
.41 

.08 
.08 
.09 
.07 
.15 
.14 
.28 
.11 
.5.5 
.10 
.10 
.11 

$0.07 
.20 
.08 
.32 
.40 
.68 
.48 

1               .63 

.40 
.39 

.07 
.06 
.08 
.07 
.07 
.13 
.26 
.06 
.52 
.10 
.10 
.10 

$0  07 

condensed,  evaporated.. 
Buttermilk 

.07 

Cream 

.31 

Icecream ..... 

.37 

Butter 

.68 
.42 

\             .60 

.42 

.38 

.08 

.68 
.47 

.80 

.43 

.40 

.08 

.68 

Cheese,  American 

.44 

cottage 

cream 

.62 

Lard 

.42 

Eggs 

.40 

Cereais. 
Flour,  wheat 

08 

rye 

.07 

(  raham    

.08 

Com  meal 

.06 
.06 
.14 
.27 
.11 
.59 
.11 
.10 
.10 

.06 
.06 
.14 
.28 
.07 
.60 
.09 
.11 
.10 

.06 

Hominy  or  grits 

.11 

Cream  of  Wheat 

.14 

Com  Hakes 

.27 

Rolled  oats 

.10 

Puffed  rice 

.55 

Bread,  wheat 

.10 

rye 

.10 

Graham 

.10 

Rolls 

.20 

Crackers 

.29 
.36 
.16 

.21 

.10 

.14 

.26 

.11 

.19 

.23 
.35 
.18 

.23 

.16 

.11 
.31 

.11 
.11 
.80 

.06 

.07 
.13 
.10 
.14 
14 
.12 
.05 
.03 
.20 

.  25 
.38 
.18 

.25 

.10 

.11 
.27 

.11 

.18 
.49 

.06 
.09 
.13 
.10 
.16 
.16 
.18 
.07 
04 
.10 

.21 
.23 
.2.5 
.25 
.30 

.27 
.31 

.19 
.31 
.14 

.22 

.17 

.11 
.25 

.11 
.19 
.64 

.06 
.11 
.16 

.09 
.14 
.14 
.20 
.07 
.06 
.13 

.26 
.33 

.20 
.33 
.45 

.26 
.26 
.18 

.34 

.21 
.35 

.23 

Cake 

.36 

Pies 

.16 

Macaroni 

.24 

.16 

.11 
.22 

.11 
.13 
.64 

.07 
.09 
.16 
.08 
.17 
.13 
.21 
.06 
.04 
.12 

.26 
.36 
.25 
.32 
.81 

.26 

.30 
.24 

.27 

.23 

Noodles 

Rice 

.16 

Cornstarch 

.12 

Tapioca 

.20 

Swjar. 
Bupar 

.11 

Mola-sses 

.17 

Candy 

.63 

Frah  truitt. 
Apples 

.06 
.00 
.14 
.11 
.12 
.13 
.14 
.06 
.02 
.11 

.20 
.28 
.22 
.28 
.28 

.22 
.29 
.22 

\             .32 

.06 

Peaches 

.10 

Ban'  nas 

.14 

Leni'.ri-; 

.10 

Oralis. -^ 

Grapes 

14 
.14 

Berries 

.17 

Cantaloupe 

.00 

Watf  rmeloTi 

.04 

Pears  and  others 

.13 

Fruit »   dried. 
Apples ,. 

.22 

Pninf'S 

.30 
.22 
.22 
.25 

.19 
.23 

.29 

Kai-ins .....  . 

.23 

Peaf  nes 

.27 

Apricots 

.33 

Fruit* ,  cnnrud. 
Peaches 

.28 

Pineapple 

.27 

Berries 

.21 

lellv 

.82 

.32 

.33 

Fruit  butters 

APPENDIX  A. — COST  OF   FOOD. 


47 


Table  I — COST  OF  FOOD  PER  POUND  IN  THE  SEVERAL  SECTIONS  OF  WASHINGTON, 

D.  C,  ON  AUQ.  19,  1919— Concluded. 


Southeast. 

1 
Southwest. 

Northeast. 

Northwest. 

Average 

Item. 

Down 
town. 

Up  town. 

cost  per 
pound. 

Vegetables,  fresh. 
Potatoes,  vrhite 

JO.  05 
.09 
.07 
.06 
.12 
.06 
.08 
.07 
.07 
.24 
.10 
.07 
.03 
.04 
.09 
.22 

i             .30 

.14 

.16 
.15 

.15 
.14 
.14 
.10 
.39 
.15 

.34 
.70 
.40 

.43 

.43 

43 

.48 

.37 
.33 

.77 
.63 
.M 
1.26 
.18 

JO.  03 
.08 
.07 

JO.  05 
.08 
.07 
.07 
.08 
.06 
.09 
.10 
.07 
.33 
.12 
.07 
.04 
.04 
.08 
.19 

.22 

.13 
.13 
.16 

.11 

.1.5 
.14 
.12 
.30 
.16 

.86 

.73 
.40 

.42 
.81 
.49 
.44 

.41 
.36 

.76 
.61 
.64 
1.60 
.IS 

jao5 

.08 
.07 
.06 
.11 
.07 
.10 
.09 
.07 
.31 
.10 
.07 
.03 
.04 
.08 
.20 

.46 

.12 
.12 
.17 

.14 
.18 
.16 
.14 
.39 
.18 

.88 
.49 
.41 

.47 
.29 
.60 
.40 

.43 

.84 

.83 
.64 
.86 
1.66 
.  M 

$0.05 
.08 
.06 
.06 
.08 
.06 
.09 
.09 
.07 
.27 
.10 
.07 
.03 
.04 
.08 
.20 

.29 

.13 
.12 
.14 

.10 
.16 
.14 
.12 
.38 
.12 

.38 
.67 
.88 

.40 
.24 
.48 
.50 

.38 
.36 

.67 
.44 
.63 
1.63 
.  16 

$0.05 
08 

sweet 

Cabbage 

07 

Spinach 

06 

Peas 

.09 

Beans  string 

.06 
.10 
.08 
.07 
.29 
.15 
.07 
.03 

06 

Tomatoes 

09 

Onions 

.09 

Com 

.07 

Lettuce 

.30 

Celery 

.11 

Beets      

07 

Carrots 

.03 

turnips 

.04 

Sauerkraut 

.08 

AsparafniR 

.13 

.50 

.14 

.19 

Cauliflower ...  

Parsnips 

32 

Peppers 

Vegetables,  d.ied. 
Beans,  navy 

.13 

Peas 

.13 

Beans  lima 

.15 

.16 
.20 

.20 
.17 
.37 
.18 

.87 
.78 
.38 

.46 

2,5 
.50 
.60 

.38 
.35 

.77 
.48 
.05 
1.44 
.21 

.15 

Vegetables,  canned. 
Bean.'  bak«1 

.13 

I>eas..' 

.16 

Corn 

.16 

.13 

AsnaraKUB 

.36 

Beans  string 

.17 

VegtteMe  oU. 

.35 

Cotton-seed  oil 

.M 

Jiazola 

Crlsco 

.40 

.44 

Peanut  butter 

.32 

.48 

Nuts 

.45 

iHxed  fats. 
pie<. 

.40 

Lard  romponnd 

.34 

JditceUaneous  Uems. 
Toa 

.78 

.52 

Riibstltute 

.74 

1.51 

Cannnd  soup ... 

.  IS 

48 


APPENDIXES. 


Table  n.-ANXUAL  COST  ANP  QUANTITY  OF   FOOD  FOR   A   FAMILY  OF  FIVE   (HUS- 
BAND. WIFE,  AND  THREE  CHILDREN— BOY  AGED  2,  GIRL  6,  AND  BOY  11). 


Item 


Meat. 


Beef,  fresh,  steak 

rai-st 

stew 

side 

Beef,  salt,  corned 

dried 

Veal,  fresh,  cutlet 

roast 

stew 

Pork,  fresh,  chops 

roa.<;t 

salt,  bacon 

ham  and  .<;houlder  . . 

side,  dry 

pickled 

Mutton,  chops 

roast 

stew 

side 

Poultry,  hens , 

turkey , 

Bausage 

Liver 

Kidney , 

Brain-s 

Pig's  feet 

Veal  loaf 

Ribbit , 

Canned,  potted  beef. , 

pork , 

Cooked  meat,  ham , 

tonirue 

bolo^'na 

corned  beef 

riih 


.Average 
annual 

n"^"-,  Avcracc 

food,  in     '^^ 

pciunds      ^ 
■280 
fami- 
lies). 


Fish, fresh 

salt 

canned  salmon. 

canned  tuna 

Oysters 

Crabs 

Clams 


Dairy  products . 


MJ Ik,  whole 

condensed,  evapo- 
rated  

Buttermilk 

Cream 

Ice  cream 

Butter 

Cheese,  American 

cottage 

cream 


Lard 
Egss. 


Cereals. 


Flour,  wheat 

rye 

Graham... 

Com  meal 

Hominy  or  grits.. 
Cream  of  'W  heat . 

Corn  flakes 

Boiled  oats 


430.3 

74.8 
62.7 
46.6 
19.5 
10.1 
.6 

21.9 

38.2 

19.3 

17.6 

6.9 

1.8 

7.3 

11.1 

12.7 

.1 

23.4 

3.6 

16.2 

9.5 

1.3 

fi.  5 

.2 

.2 

8.3 

.5 

'.■.  5 

67.9 

41.0 
4.5 

10.0 
1.6 
5.3 

5.5 


1,182.8 

930.9 

'.5.2 
75.6 
.3.0 
7.9 
M).3 
13.6 

\      6.3 


36.7 
102.1 

1, 152.  2 

£.32.2 
11.7 
45.9 
63.8 
IZl 
7.1 
4.4 
£7.6 


pound. 


An- 
nual 
cost 
per 
item. 


SO.  46 
.35 
.26 
.39 
.32 
.76 

.40 
.61 


$176. 76 

34.41 

21.95 

12.12 

7.61 

3.23 

.46 

g.76 
19.48 


.26 


64 

10.42 

42 

7.35 

40 

2.76 

40 

.72 

52 

3.80 

41 

4.55 

24 

3.05 

24 

.02 

45 

10.53 

52 

1.87 

42 

6.80 

38 

3.61 

25 

.33 

65.16 

13.04 

5.29 

.93 

2.^2 

54.60 
5.98 


.42       15.41 

.  40       40.  84  ' 


121. 89 


08 

26.58 

07 

.82 

08 

3.67 

0« 

3.83 

11 

1.33 

14 

.99 

27 

1.19 

10 

6.76 

Item. 


Puffed  rice 

Bread,  wheat 

rye 

Graliam . 

Rolls 

Crackers 

Cake 

Pies 

Macaroni 

Spaghetti 

Noodles 

Rice 


Starch  group. 


Cornstarch . 
Tapioca 


Sugar  group. 


Sufjar 

Corn  sirup. 
Molasses . . . 

Honey 

Can  Iv 


Fresh  fruits. 


Apples 

Peaches 

Battm.iS 

LcmoiLS 

Oranges 

Crapes 

Berries 

Canteloupe 

Watermelon 

Pears  and  others. 


Fruits,  dried. 


Apples 

Prunes 

Raisins,  eurranls. 

Peaches 

Apricots 


Fruits,  canned. 


Peache.s 

Pineapr)le 

Bel  ries 

Jelly 

Fruit  butters. 


Vegetables,  fresh  . 


Potatoes,  white, 
sweet. 

Cabbage 

Spinach 

Peas 

Beans,  string 

Tomatoes 

Onions 

Com 

Lettuce 

Celery 

Beets 

Carrots 

Turnips 

Sauerkraut 

Asparagus 


Average 
annual 
quan- 
tity of 
food, in 
poimds 

(L'SO 

fami- 
lies). 


1.1 

456.6 

21.5 

2.3 
22.0 
17.8 
15.1 

4.2 

32.6 

44.2 

6.9 

4.3 
1.6 

208.1 

162.9 

35.5 

9.7 

400.9 

204.1 

27.7 
30.5 
'.1.7 
2I».  7 
1.3.8 
18.4 
10.1 
l."").  1 
35.8 

30.1 

1.2 

14.  H 

11.1 

1.4 

1.0 

16.0 

3.0 
1.5 
1.7 

9.8 

1, 260. 0 

738.2 
47.9 
70.9 
2J.3 
11.4 
37.3 
87.3 
73.0 
35.8 
10.3 
C.8 
24.1 
35.5 
23.  1 
4.5 
2.2 


Average 

cost 

per 
pound. 


$0.65 
.10 
.10 
.10 
.20 
.23 
.36 
.16 

.23 

.16 


.12 
.26 


.11 
.17 
.63 


.0« 
.10 
.14 
.10 
.14 
.14 
.17 
.06 
.04 
.13 


.22 

.29 
.23 
.27 
.33 


.25 
.27 
.21 

.32 


.06 

.08 
.07 
.06 
.09 
06 
.09 
.09 
.07 
.30 
.11 
.07 
.03 
.04 
.08 
.19 


An- 
nual 
cost 

per 
item. 


$0.61 

45.  06 

2.15 

.23 

4.40 

4.09 

5.44 

.67 

7.60 

7.-07 

.94 

.62 
.42 

30.07 

17.92 
6.04 
6.11 

36.18 

12.25 

2.77 

5.11 

.97 

4.16 

L93 

3.13 

.61 

.60 

4.6S 

8.01 

.26 

4.29 

2.66 

.38 

.63 

4.66 

.76 
.41 
.36 

3.14 

82.^0 

36.01 

3.S:j 

6.38 

1.46 

1.03 

2.24 

7.86 

0.62 

2.51 

3.09 

.75 

1.69 

1.07 

.92 

.36 

.42 


APPENDIX   A. COST   OF   FOOD. 


49 


Table  n.— ANNUAL  COST  AND  QUANTITY  OP  POOD  FOR  A  PAMILY    OF   FIVE    (HUS- 
BAND, WIFE,  AND  THREE  CHILDREN— BOY  AGED  2,  GIRL  5,  AND  BOY  11)— Concluded. 


Item. 

Ayer^e- 
annual 
quan- 
tity of 
food, in 
pounds 
(2>i0 
fami- 
nes). 

Average 

cost 

per 
pound. 

An- 
nual 

cost 

per 

item 

Item. 

Average 
annual 
quan- 
tity of 
foo<l,  in 
pounds 
(280 
fami- 
lies). 

Averse 

fOSt 

per 
pound. 

An- 
nual 
cost 
per 
item 

Cauliflower... 

20.8 

44.3 

24.1 

5.4 

14.8 

43.9 

5.2 
10.1 

9.3 

18.0 

.3 

1.0 

17.5 

3.9 

}      6.5 

7.1 

SO.  32 



.13 
.13 
.15 

.13 
.16 
.16 
.13 
.35 
.17 



.35 
.60 
.40 

$6.66 

«.05 

3.13 

.70 

2.22 

6.41 

.68 

1.62 

1.49 

2.34 

.11 

.17 

8.11 

1.37 
3.90 
3.84 

Miscellaneous  vege- 
table food 

Chocolate 

11.9 

1.2 

4.7 

5.3 

.7 

26.3 

13.0 
13.3 

56.7 

9.8 

39.6 

1.0 

.9 
5.0 

.4 

>2,800.0 

$0.44 

.32 
.48 
.45 

.40 
.34 

.78 

.53 

.74 

1.51 

.18 

Piwsnips 

Pcupers 

S4.83 

.  i5 

Vegetables,  dried.. 

Peanut  butter... ...... 

1.  ol' 

Cocoa  1 

2  54 

Beans,  nary 

Nuts 

.32 

I'oas 

Mixed  fats 

Beans,  lima 

1.72 

Vegetables,  canned 

Oleo     

5.20 

Lard  compound 

4.52 

Beans,  baked 

Miscellaneous  items 
Tea.. 

I'c-.is 

31.23 

Com 

Tomatoes 

7  64 

A  rparagus 

Coffee  

20  59 

Beatt),  string 

subst  i  tute 

.74 

Gelat  in 

1.36 

Vegetable  oU 

Canned  soup 

.90 

Miscellaneous  food 

Ice      

Nut  margarine 

Cottonseed  oiL 

18  (Ml 

Oliv^  nil*  M!i7ol!\ 

Total 

Crisco 

773  93 

Cost  per  man  per  day 

.633 

125  potmds  daily  for  4  montlu,  approximately  June  to  September,  inclu:iive. 


APPENDIX  B.— RENTS  OF  HOUSES  AND  APARTMENTS  IN  ALL    SECTIONS 

OF  WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Tlio  rents  beins;  paid  for  apartmoiits  and  houses  in  the  various 
sections  of  Washington,  D.  C,  together  with  the  expenses  for  fuel 
and  hght  duruig  the  year,  are  shown  in  the  following  tables: 

COST  OF  RENT.S-UN FURNISHED  APARTMENTS. 

Four  rooms  and  bath. 


With 
eleva- 
tor? 

Floor. 

Rent  per 
month. 

Rent 
in- 
cludes 
light? 

Expenses  for  fuel  and 
light  during  year. 

Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 

!,'U9t, 

1919. 

Gas  or 
kero- 
sene. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

NoTlhlVMt. 

Fourteenth  and  X  Streets 

No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No. . 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No. . 
No.. 
.No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Ye8. 

First.... 
Fourth.. 
Fourth.. 
Si.xth . . . 
First.... 
Seventh. 
Seventh. 
Third... 
Second  . 

S27.  50 
32.50 
37.50 
37.50 
27.  .50 
35.00 
34.00 
40.00 

$.12.  50 
42.  50 
'46.25 
1  46.75 
27.  50 
40.00 
38.  00 
40.00 

54.  00 
25.  50 
36.  flO 
.50.  00 
32.  50 
28.50 
38.50 
46.00 
35.00 
47.00 
30.  .50 

55.  00 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No. . . 
Yes . . 

J,54. 00 

30.  (H) 

12.00 

6.00 

(») 
42.00 
24.00 
16.00 

(») 
21.00 
29.00 

(») 
48.00 

iis.'oo' 

36.00 

16.20 

(') 

'i8.'6o' 

17.40 
(>) 

"36."  66' 

(') 

$54.00 

Seventeenth  and  M  Streets 

48.00 

Fift"  nth  and  I.  Streets 

48.00 

Do 

21.20 

Elcvruth  and  N  Streets 

(■) 

Do 

42.00 

Do 

42.00 

Twelfth  and  L  Streets 

33.40 

Fouri"enth  and  M  Streets    

(») 
21.00 

Thirteenth  and  N  Streets 

Third . . . 

T'nlli  and  N  Streets 

Second. . 

65.00 

Ninth  and  L  Streets 

Fourth.. 
Third... 

(') 
48.00 

Fourth  and  F  Streets 

Third  and  D  Streets              

Third. 

Fourth  and  F  Streets 

First 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 

36.00 

(') 
20.00 
24.00 
10.00 

(3) 
48.00 
30.00 
25.00 

48.00 
18.00 
15.00 
36.00 
50.00 
18.00 

{') 
15.00 
30.00 
31.00 
33.00 
12.00 

"(»)"■■ 

'36.' 66' 

12.00 

(•) 

'24.'66' 
18.00 

'24.'66' 
22.00 

'i2.'66' 

(') 

39.00 

36.00 

Eighth  and  M  Streets 

New  Jersey  Avenue  and  L  Street 

Third. 

(') 

Second. . 
Third... 
Third... 

30.00 
43.00 

20.00 

Fifteenth  and  N  Streets 

60.00 

Eighteenth  and  G  Streets 

22.00 

Nineteenth  and  G  Streets 

Fourth 

48.00 

Do 

Fourth.. 
Third... 
Seventh. 

Sixth... 
Second  . 

'io.bb' 

40.00 

30.  00 
35.00 
45.00 

45.00 

29.  50 
25.00 
40.00 
31.50 
29.00 
75.00 
45. 00 
27.  .50 
30.00 

30.  .50 
.35.00 
36.  fK) 
45.00 
30.00 
46.75 

« 2.5.00 
32.  ,50 
45.  W 
28.50 
32.50 
27.50 
35.00 
45.00 

Twenty-second  and  I  Streets 

64.00 

Pennsylvania    Avenue    and    Washington 
Circle. 

Do 

43.00 
48.00 

Fifteenth  and  O  Streets 

42.00 

Seventeenth  and  T  Streets 

Eighteenth  and  It  Streets 

Fourth.. 
Third... 

25.00 

37.00 
36.00 

Seventeenth  and  Corcoran  Streets 

Twrnty-Orst  and  0  Str.-iis 

Fourth.. 
First 

31.60 

60.00 
30.00 

T    ■•■•'•-'] rst  and  N  Streets 

Second 

64.00 

:ith  and  Church  Streets 

Sixth... 
Fourth.. 

■1 1  h  and  W  Streets 

30.00 

Uo 

Do 

Fourth.. 
Third. 

31.00 
33.00 

Founeenth  and  T  Streets 

Third... 

12.00 

Do 

Fourth 

Do 

Third... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

(•) 

8.40 
36.00 
14.00 
30.00 
36.00 
14.00 
60.00 
24.f)0 
18.00 
19.  80 
24.00 

7.20 
18.  (X) 
12.  &) 
18.00 
15.00 

9.00 
60.00 

36.00 

'i5.'66' 

24.00 
21.60 

'36.66' 
24.00 
30.00 
21.00 
18.00 
36.00 
17.60 
24.00 
20.00 
18.00 

(•) 

24.40 

72.00 

Do 

Seventeenth  and  T  Streets 

Third... 
Third. 

Do 

Fourth 

14.  (X) 

Fifteenth  and  t^  Street.s 

Second. . 
Finn.... 
Third... 

45.00 

Fif!'  rnth  and  T  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  W  Sir -c is 

60.00 
36.60 

Seventeenth  and  T  Str-eis 

Second.. 

60.00 

Do 

Third.. 

64.00 

Fourteenth  and  Clifton  Streets 

Third... 
Fourth 

35.00 

42.00 

Do 

49.80 

Do 

Third."' 

50.00 

45.00 

Fourteenth  and  Harvard  Streets 

Do 

Do 

Third... 
Basement 

First 

Second. . 

37.50 

37.50 
37.50 
.37.00 
41.  .50 
37.50 
55.00 
32.60 

2.5.20 
54.00 
30.  fX) 
42.00 

Founeenth  Street  and  Columbia  Road 

Fourteenth  and  Fairmont  Streets 

Sf;cond. . 
Fifth    . . 

35.  00 
27.00 

Do 

First....! 

60.00 

I  Rents  to  new  tenants  for  $100. 
'Not  reported. 


•  Lived  here  less  than  1  year. 

*  Rents  to  new  tenants  lor  $40. 


50 


APPENDIX   B. — RENTS  OF   HOUSES   AND  APAETMENTS. 


51 


COST  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHED  APARTMENTS— Continued. 
Four  rooms  and  bath — Concluded. 


Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 


With 
eleva- 
tor? 


Floor. 


Rent  per 
month. 


1914 


Aii- 
1919. 


Rent 

in- 
chirles 
light? 


Expenses  for  fuel  and 
light  tluring  year. 


Gas  or 
kero- 
sene. 


Fleo- 
tric- 
>ty. 


Total. 


Northwest— Concluded. 

Sixteenth  and  Lamcmt  Streets 

Do , 

Twenty-first  and  California  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  Newton  Streets 

Sixteenth  Street  and  Park  Road 

Tliirieenth  and  Fairmont  Streets 

Do 

Eighteenth  Street  and  Columbia  Road 

Kalorama  and  Ontario  Road 

Thirteenth  and  Belmont  Streets 

Thirteenth  and  Kenyon  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  Meridian  Streets 

Do 

Do 

Eighteenth  and  Belmont  Streets 

Seventeenth  Street  and  Columbia  Road... 

Sixteenth  and  Euclid  Streets 

Sixteenth  and  Kenyon  Streets 

Fifth  Street  and  Rhode  Island  Avenue 

Sixth  and  Irving  Streets 

Northeast. 


Sixth  and  A  Streets.. 
Second  and  T  Streets. 

Do 

Third  and  B  Streets.. 


Southeast. 

Sixth  and  East  Capitol  Streets . 

Do 

Do 

First  and  E  Streets 


No. 

No. 
Yes 
No. 
Yes 
No. 
No. 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes . 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 


No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 


No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 


First 

Second.. 

Fourth.. 

Third... 

F'ir.st.... 

Fii-si.. 

Fourth 

Third. 

Fourth. . 

Foiuih 

Second. . 

Fir.sl... 

First... 

Second. 

Fifth... 

Third.. 

Second. 

Second. 

Second. 

Second. 


$35.00 
37.50 


First... 
First... 
Third.. 
Second. 


First... 
Tliird.. 
Second. 
Third.. 


22.50 


30.50 
28.50 


30.00 


32.50 
20.50 


$38. 50 
40.00 
53.00 
31.  .35 
27.50 
05.00 
35.00 
36.00 
65. 00 

100. 00 
35.00 
37.  .50 
35.50 
37.50 
60.00 
55.00 
36.50 
3S.  50 
35.00 
32.50 


30.00 
25. 00 
27.50 
27.50 


32.50 
:!().  00 
35. 50 
22.50 


No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.- 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 


No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 


No. 

No. 
No. 

No. 


.$30. 00 

IS.  24 

6.50 

24.00 

36.00 

(') 
15.00 
42.00 

(») 

(^) 
42.00 

7.20 
18.00 
24.00 
24.00 
33.00 
36.00 

C) 
16.80 
48.00 


18.00 
21.60 
18.00 
13.50 


24.00 
2100 
30.00 
30.00 


$3aoo 

15.60 


30.00 
30.00 

(') 
18.00 
21.00 

(') 

(^) 
48.00 
16.80 
1.5.00 
IS.  00 
24.00 
24. 00 
30.00 

(') 
18.00 


18.00 
20.40 
18.00 
13.50 


2-1.00 
18.00 


$66.00 

33.84 

6.50 

54.00 

66.00 

(') 

33.00 

63.00 

(.') 

(}) 

90.00 

24.00 

33.00 

42.00 

48.00 

57.00 

66.00 

(') 

34.80 
48.  00 


36.00 
42.00 
36.  00 
27.00 


48.00 
42.  00 
30.  (H) 
36,00 


Five  rooms  and  bath. 


Northwest. 

Fifteenth  and  U  Btreet.i 

Do 

Fifteenth  and  8  Street.'* 

Fourteenth  and  T  Streets 

Do 

Eighteenth  airl  M  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  R  Streets 

Do 

Fourteenth  and  W  Streets 

Seventeenth  and  T  Streets 

Do 

Kighleenth  and  8  Street.'^ 

Thirli'cnth  and  Monroe  Streets 

i.ik;liti;enth  .Street  and  I'Morida  Avenue... 
Eighteenth  Street  and  Coluiuljin  Itoad... 
Fourteenth  and  Fairmont  Strools 

Do 

Fourteenth  Street  and  Coluuibiu  Road... 

Eighteenth  and  California  Streets 

Bevi'n'centh  Street  and  Columbia  Road. . 

Do 

Do 

Eighteenth  Street  near  Mliitwooil  i'laoo.. 

Ek'hteenth  and  Wyoming  StreeLs 

Twenty-first  an'l  California  Streets 

EiKtateenlh  and  V  Streets 

>  Not  reported. 


Fourth. . 

$62.26 
66.00 
36.  00 
30,  01) 
28.  60 
30.00 
48. 00 
46. 00 
36  00 

Yes.. 
Yos.. 
No... 

No... 
No... 
.No. . . 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No.    . 

$12.00 
24.00 
14.40 
38.00 
24.00 
.30. 00 
18.00 
21.00 
.30  00 
.Kl,  Ofl 
21.00 
30.  00 
24.00 

(') 
27. 00 
48.00 
19.20 
30,  00 
30.  00 
36. 00 
24,00 
18.  00 
24.00 
30.00 
36.00 

(•) 

$22,00 
.10.00 
15, 00 

21.00' 
20,00 

25,66' 
18.00 

21.06 

30.  00 

42.  00 
21,00 
30,00 
30,  00 

2i.'oo' 

21,00 
30.  00 
30.  00 

Second. . 
Tliird... 
Tliir.l... 
Second. . 

$40.  (M> 
30.60 

First.... 
Third... 
Fourth. . 
Second 

'46.66 

Third   .. 

40  76 
37.  .50 
32.  .W 
46. 00 
,12  .V) 
07.  60 
40.  .'.0 
76.  (Kl 
40,00 
46, 00 
62.  26 
.VI.  60 
6<l.0(l 
flO,  00 
46,  00 
101  00 
40.  00 

Second. . 

Second.. 
Third... 

First 

Flr,4t.... 
Fourth.. 

'46.06' 

Fourth.. 
Fourth.. 
Fourth.. 
Second.. 
Second . . 

First 

I'ourth 

'46.66 

Second. . 
Sixth . . . 
Fourth.. 

48.00 



$12.00 
24. 00 
36. 40 
68,00 
39.00 
36. 00 
42.  (K) 
44.00 
30.00 
81.00 
39. 00 
36.  (H) 
48. 00 

(') 
67,00 
48,00 
01.20 
64.00 
72,  00 
66.00 
21,00 
39.  (1(1 
48  00 
60. (K) 
72,00 
(•) 


*  Lived  hero  less  than  1  year. 


52 


APPENDIXES. 


COST  OF  RFNTS— UNFURNISHED  APARTMENTS— Continued. 
Fivt  roortu  and  bath — Concluded. 


With 
eleva- 
tor? 

Floor. 

Rent  per 
month. 

Rent 

in- 
cludes 
light? 

Expenses  for  fuel  :uid 
light  during  yciir. 

ujcation  (nearest  street  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 
gust, 
1919. 

Gas  or 
kero- 
sene. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

KoTihicdit— Concluded. 

No.. 
Yes . 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.- 
Nn.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No. . 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 

No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
>iD.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 

No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 

Second.. 
Third... 
Third . . . 
Fifth.... 

iis.'oo' 

155.00 
.50.  00 
2-).  00 
50.  00 
35.  50 
42.50 
55.00 
40.  ,50 
35.00 
40.00 
40.50 
32.50 
45.50 
\'S.  50 
CG.  00 
45.  00 
47.60 
50.00 
52.50 
49.50 
4.5.  00 
40.  00 
55.00 
30.  50 
52.  .50 
27.50 
30.  00 
.50.00 
52.  .50 
55. 00 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No. .. 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

$.30.00 
33. 00 
42.00 

(') 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
42.00 
48.00 
2  5.00 
24.  (jO 
36.00 
30.00 
41,00 
24.00 
14.00 
34.00 
45.00 
30.00 
24.00 
18.00 
42.00 
18.00 
33. 12 

0) 
»12.00 
0) 
18.00 
24.00 
60.00 
24.00 
.36.00 
5  6.00 
48.00 

(') 
24.00 

42.00 

9.00 

36.00 

40.00 

(') 
24.00 
30.00 
24.00 

22.00 

0) 
24.00 
24.00 
.54.00 

! 

124.00 

36. 00 

18.00 

(') 

"19.26 
36.00 
18.00 

45.66' 
12.00 

'so.'oo" 
30.66' 

18.00 
30. 00 
30.00 
36.00 
24.00 
24.00 
38.00 
16.20 
....... 

""(')"' 
21.00 
18.00 

'24.06' 
48.00 

24.00 

■27.'66' 
"■(■')■■ 

'iioo' 

24.00 

28.00 

(«) 

'36.06" 

$54  00 

Twontioth  Street  aud  Cohiinbia  Road 

6'J.  00 
60.  (10 

T^AiirtH^nth  ftnd  Viirlid  Sirppts 

(i| 

Do  

First.... 
Second  . 

30.  00 

Do 

RftvonTppnth  and  Church  Streets     ...... 

40.  20 

Third... 
Third... 

6f.  flO 

Klgliteenlh  and  California  Streets 

Kiphtot*nth  and  T  Streets         

60.00 

Third... 
First 

48  00 

Sixtoenlh  Street  and  Cohimhia  Road 

50.  00 

Third... 

36. 00 

Tliirtp^nth  ftnd  Harvftrd  Stroets 

Second. . 

36.00 

Fourteenth  Qnfl  Clifton  Streets 

Third... 
First.... 
Fifth.... 
Sixth... 
Sixth 

40.00 

Rn.'oo' 

40.00 

60.  00 

North  Capitol  .street  and  Randolph  Place.. 
Thirtecntn  aivl  I  .'Streets 

41.00 
54.00 

32.00 

Twvlfth  fttrppt  and  \ffts<;aehiisptts  Avftnue 

64.00 

Twelfth  and  M  .-streets                                

Second. . 

75.00 

Twelfth  Street  and  \'ermont  Avenue 

Fourth. . 
Third... 

45.50 

66.00 
48.00 

Thirteenth  and  M  Streets  

Fifth.... 
Third . . . 
Seventh. 
Fir.st.... 
Fifth.... 

45.  no 

40.00 
50.00 

42.00 

Vprmont  Avenue  and  Iowa  Circle     

80.00 

Fourteenth  and  M  Streets 

34.20 

Ninth  and  K  Streets     

33.12 

Revi'iith  and  K  Streets 

(') 

Fourth  and  V  Street-; 

First .... 
Fourth.. 
Si.xth. .. 
Second.. 
First 

25.00 
'45.'66' 

•  12.00 

Thirteenth  and  I'.  Streets 

(') 

Eleventh  and  N  Streets 

39.00 

Seventh  and  K  Streets 

42.00 

60.00 

Twentieth  and  11  Streets 

First 

32. 50 
30.50 
30.  00 
50.  00 
75.00 
55.00 

2,5.  .50 
42.  .50 
38.00 
33.00 
,5,5. 00 
21.00 
32.00 
33.00 

40.00 
37.  ,50 
3.5.50 
30.  .50 
40.00 

24.00 

Twonty-first  and  N  Slrepts      

Second.. 

36.  00 

Twenty-ninth  aiid  I  Streets 

Twenty-second  and  I'  Streets 

First.... 
Fourth. . 

30.  00 
96.00 

Thirtieth  and  G  Streets     

Third  .. 

(') 

Twentieth  and  0  Streets 

Third . . . 

48.00 

Northeast. 
North  Capitol  and  P  Streets 

Third... 
Second. 

25.50 

42.00 

Second  and  IJ  S  treets 

36.00 

First  and  R  Streets 

First . . . . 
Third... 
Second.. 

36.  00 
28.50 

86.  00 

Eleventh  and  A  .^treets           

40.  fX) 

Milk  Avenue  and  Girard  Street 

(M 

Thirteenth  and  H  Streets -. 

Second . 

24.00 

Eleventh  and  J'  SIhtIs 

Lincolii  Roftd  and  R  Street 

Foiiilh.. 
Second . . 

42.00 
48.00 

Southeoit. 
Second  and  East  Capitol  Streets 

Second.. 

48.00 

Third  and  East  Cap  to!  Streets 

Third... 

f) 

Fourth  and  East  Capitol  Streets 

First.... 

Second. 

Third... 

24.00 

Thjrtef-nih  and  East  Capitol  Streets 

Third  and  A  Streets 

24.00 
84.00 

*  Lived  hero  i»m  Uuui  i  year. 


t  Oookx  very  little. 


APPENDIX   B. RENTS   OF    HOUSES  AND  APARTMENTS. 


53 


COST  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHED  APARTMENTS— C<H»cludcd. 
Six  rooms  and  bath. 


Locatioii  (ne-irest  street  intersection). 


Northwest. 


Tenth  and  E  Streets 

Eleventh  and  N  Streets 

Eiehteenth  and  G  Streets 

Columliia  Road  and  Mintwood  Place 

Seventeenth  Street  and  Columbia  Road 

EiKhtetnth  .Street  and  Kalorama  Road 

Fourteenth  and  Chapin  Streets 

Eighteenth  Street  and  Wvoming  Avenue. . 

Fifteenth  and  U  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  T  Streets 

New  Hampshire  Avenue  and  V  Street 

Thirtieth  Street  and  Dumbarton  Avenue. . 
North  Capitol  and  Hamilton  Streets 


Southeast. 


TweKtJi  and  A  Streets No. 

Do \es. 


With 
eleva- 
tor? 


No. 

■S'cs. 

Yes. 

Yes, 

Yes. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

Yes. 

No. 

Yes, 

No. 

No. 


Floor. 


Second. 
Third . . 
Fourth. 
Third.. 
Third.. 
Second. 

Second. 
Second . 
Second. 
Fourth. 
Fourth. 
Third.. 


Rem  per 
montn. 


1914 


First... 
Third.. 


$06.00 

37.06 
.50.00 


35.50 


35.00 
35.00 


Au- 
gust, 
1919. 


f32.50 
50.00 

120.00 
85.00 
61.50 
55.00 
45.00 
50.00 
46.50 
43.00 
93.50 
35. 50 
55.00 


40.00 
37.00 


I 


Rent 
in- 
cludes 

light? 


No.. 
No.. 
Y"e3. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 


Expenses  for  fuel  and 
light  during  year. 


Oasor 
kero- 
sene. 


Ele<V 
trio- 
Ity. 


$35.00 
12.00  $12.00 


48.00 
24.00 
24.00 
10.20 
36.00 
61.20 
30.00 

(») 
60.00 

m 


No...    33.00 

No...    24.00 


36.00 
24.00 
18.00 
18.00 
48.00 


27.00 
(«) 


W 


38.00 
30.00 


Total 


$3-5.00 
2-1.00 


84.00 
48.00 
42.00 
28.20 
84.00 
61.20 
57.00 

(») 
60.00 

(*) 


71.00 
54.00 


I  Not  reported. 


-  Lived  tiere  less  than  1  \ear. 


COST  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHED  HOUSES. 
Six  rooms  and  hath. 


' 

Rent  per 
month. 

Rent 
in- 
cludes 
water? 

Expenses  for  hiel  and  light  past  year. 

Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 

1014 

Au- 

K>'st, 
1919. 

Coal. 

Wood. 

Kero- 
sene 
and 
gas. 

Flec- 
trlc- 

ity. 

Total. 

Northwest. 

Newton  Stroct  and  Oak  wood  Terrace 

Fourtemth  arxl  Monmp  Streets 

$.3.1.  .10 
32. 10 
37.  .10 
3.5.00 

Yes... 
Yes... 

No'... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Ves... 
Yes. . . 
Yps... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yps... 
Yes.  . . 
Ye.s... 
Yes... 
Yes. . . 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
^■p.s. . . 
Yps... 
No«... 
No  «... 
Yp*.  . . 
Yps.  . . 
Yes. . . 
Y-es... 
Yes... 
Y08... 

$105.  00 

65. 0(J 

si.no 
i2n.no 
70.00 
0(1.  CO 
60.00 
33.00 

(') 

loo.no 

CO.  no 

CO.  (K) 

.5C,  25 

100,  no 
yn.no 
81.30 
60.00 

76.00 
05.  (JO 
f'l 
6«.  00 
104.00 
67.  .W) 
64.  C2 
7.1.00 
90.00 
30.00 
7.1.00 

$-1.00 

"i'.ob 

■  ■(»)"■ 
1.00 
1..10 

"3."  on' 

$78.00 
30.  (K) 
48.00 
48.00 
42.00 
CO.  00 
30.00 
33.00 

(•) 
30.00 
51.00 
3U.UU 

CO.  on 
00.00 

4X00 
CO.  (11) 

$45.' 66' 
48.00 

...... 

■(»)" 

0,1.  00 

36.00 

(•J 

4x66' 
....... 

jisr.oo 
9.5  00 

Bixt/-/'Dth  Stieetand  Park  iioad 

$37.50 

132  (JO 

Tliirteeiith  and  Nr^'ton  Streets 

2ij  on 

Fifth  and  Tavlor  Str'f  Is                 

.17  .10 

102.00 
12(>  60 

Fourth  and  Shepherrl  .Stre«'ts 

22. 50     11. 50 

Kenyon  Street  and  (ie'lr^da  Avenue 

Fifth  imd  Quiiicv  Streets 

3n.oo 

22.50 
4.5.00 
Zi.W 
i1.  .50 
2.1.  .K) 

40.  no 
.50.  no 

4.5.  ."^0 

r..  .50 

2?..'fl 

:c).  no 
4(1.  no 

27.  .W 

.v)  no 

90.00 
60.00 

(') 
137  00 

BiTtli  Street  andKenfer  Place 

Filth  and  I'errv  Sir<Pts 

Ninth  Street  and  Sluiiherd  Place 

II.'.  .10 

Oeor^'la  Avenue  u'    '  ■'  -'  -"-cA'ts 

Irvliije  Street  and  '                             

•>••••■ 

99.00 
III.  2."i 

Ninth  Street  and  '■'•            ..   .l_  .V venue. . . 
T-.velfth  and  N  Streets 

132  on 

First  and  I  Streets 

25.50 

144  2(1 

Flr><l  ;ind  N  Strr-nts 

Mor^;Iln  StriPt  .ind  New  Jersey  Avenue 

Befi.nd  Street  uiid  Uhode  I>ila!vl  Avenue... 

5. 00    48. 00 

(")         CJ 
S.  00     06.  00 

113.00 

212  on 

Thirteetitti  Street  and  rioridn  .\  venue 

B<'vente«<n(h  and  ("111''- 11  -irKctj 

27.50 

"■■(»)'■ 
26.66 

27.  W) 

f«) 
48.00 
36.00 

12S.00 

(3| 

Fourteenth  ami  S 

:  .'ill.  no 

117  no 

Fotirlxmfh  and  S                  '1 

a).  46 
27.50 

an.  40 
27.  r^ 
10.  .10 

23.00 
4.1.  .10 
23.  .50 

ax  SO 

lI'O  (Ml 

Thirty -second  an, 

1  30. 60 

8.00  1  4.1.00 

Z1.00 

7.00     42.00 

.32.00 

1  48.00 

103  50 

T'.vrnfv-thlrd  and                    

112.02 

Thirtv-thlrd  and  <<  ,-f'..  is  

100  00 

Thirtieth  and  II  Strifis 

181  00 

Twenty-third  and  I  Streets 

02  00 

Twenty-first  and  F  Streets 

3X60 

123.00 

'  Water  bill  |a.st  year  was  fi.W. 
*  Llvtd  here  less  than  1  year. 


•  Water  bill  last  year  wa.s  $8. 

*  Water  bill  last  year  was  $6. 


54 


APPENDIXES. 


COBT  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHKD  HOUSES    Continued. 
Six  rooms  and  bath — Continued. 


Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 


JVortAu'M/— Concluded. 


Forty-seventh  and  S  Streets 

First  and  S  Streets 

First  ;ind  K  Streets 

First  :ind  U  Streets 

First  Street  and  Scaton  Place 

Second  and  Adams  Streets 

First  Street  and  Randolph  Place. 
Do 


NoTtheaal. 

Thirtrenth  and  Girard  Streets 

Fifteenth  and  A  Streets 

First  and  Myrtle  Streets 

Do 

Twelfth  and  D  Streets 

Fifth  and  G  Streets 

Eleventh  and  E  Streets 

rhirt  eenth  and  V  S  t  reets 

Sixth  and  F  Streets 

Seventh  and  C  Streets 

Seventh  and  E  Streets 

rhini  and  G  Streois 

SLxth  and  G  Street  s 

Twelfth  and  G  Streets 

Eighth  and  B  Streets 

Ninth  and  F  Streets 

Do 

Tenth  and  I  Streets 

Sixth  and  K  Streets 

Twelve-and-a-half  and  B  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  B  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  V  Streets 

Third  Street  and  .Massachusetts  Avenue. 
Sixth  Street  and  Massachuselts.V venue. 

Seventeenth  and  Monroe  St  reels 

Eighteenth  and  Irving  Streets 

North  Capitol  and  K  Streets 

North  r^itol  and  1'  Streets 

Slitli  street  and  Lexington  Place 

Fourteenth  Street  and.Vmes  Place 

Fifteenth  and  Olive  .Streets 

First  Street  and  Seaton  Plar-e 

Sixteenth  and  Newton  Streets 

Fourteenth  and  Kearney  Streets 

First  Street  and  <iuiney  I'lace 

ttfth  Street  and  I-lorid'a  ,\  venue 

Ninth  and  Kearney  Streets 

Scmihwut. 


Sixth  and  G  Streets... 
Eighth  and  F  Streets., 
Ninth  and  E  Strc<;ts.. 
Twelfth  and  ('  Streets. 
Sixth  and  M  Streets... 


SouOieatl. 


First  and  C  Streets 

Serond  and  D  Streets 

Fourth  Street  and  Seward  Square. 

Sixth  and  B  Streets 

Fifth  and  E  Streets 

'Eighth  and  E  Strf^ots 

Ninth  and  A  Streets 

Twelfth  andC  Streets 


Rent  per 
month. 


1914 


$25. 50 
27.50 


20.00 
22.' so' 


2.'>. .-)() 
22. 50 


22.50 
30.' (X)' 


2.5.00 
25.00 


18.  .50 
26.00 

2.5.' 66 

25.'66' 


2.5.50 
28.'.5(') 


Au- 
gust, 
I'Jiy. 


.$20. 00 
;i:..  00 
:io.  00 
(io.oo 

37.  50 
30. 50 
27.  50 
29.  50 


20.00 
35. 00 
20.  00 
20.00 
21).  ,50 
22.  .50 
22. 50 
18.  .50 

28.  50 
25.  50 
22.  .50 
25.  .50 
22.  .50 
IS.  ,50 
30.00 
25.  50 
25.  00 
25. 00 
25. 50 
l(i.  50 
18.  .50 
2().  00 
25.  50 
2t).00 
2(;.  50 
2S.  .50 
23. 50 
20.  .50 
(iO.  00 
2C..  .50 
23.00 
25.  .50 
27.  ,50 
4,5.00 
2,5.  .50 

29.  .50 
31.  .50 


20.50 
25.50 


1&50 


Rent 
in- 
cludes 
water? 


Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Ye^. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 


Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
^'os. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
"ios. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
'i'es. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 


32. .50  '  No'. 

2R..50  Yes. 

l'J.50  Yes. 

21.  fX)  Yes. 

16.  .50  i  Yes. 


Expenses  for  fuel  and  light  past  year. 


Coal. 


22.  .50 

Yes... 

20.50 

Yes... 

:«.  00 

Yes... 

22.50 

Yes... 

27.  .50 

Yes... 

25.  .50 

No'... 

2.5.00 

Yes... 

18.50 

Yes... 

sw.oo 

(') 

72.00 

(») 

69.00 
59.00 
52.80 
55.00 


65.00 
72.00 
(iO.  00 
65. 18 
73.00 
75. 00 
4,5.00 
,59. 15 
66.  00 
55.  00 
70.  00 
80.  50 
KO.  00 
82.  25 
60.  (If) 
73. 78 
88.  00 
60.  00 
78.  (W 
7-1.00 
50.  00 

76.  50 
.35.  00 
55. 00 
71  i.  00 

77.  00 
4.5.00 
49.00 

(') 

55.  00 
75. 95 
8K.  00 
&5.00 

'') 

40.00 
.50.  00 
50.00 


75.00 
66.  (K) 
45.  60 
100.  (XI 
54.00 


80.00 
74.00 
53.75 
75.00 
110.50 
60.00 
60.00 
60.00 


Wood. 


(') 


$2.' 66 


10.00 


10.00 

'3.' 66' 


8.00 
10.00 


3.00 


15. 00 
,5.00 


.00 


2.00 
5.00 


5.00 


10.00 

45.00 

5.00 

2.00 

5.00 


2.00 

1..50 


1.50 
14.00 


Kero- 
sene 
and 
ga.s. 


$72.00 

(') 
36.00 

(') 
36.00 
42.  (X) 
60.00 
48.  (X) 


27.00 
48.00 
40.00 
39.00 
44.00 
66.00 
45.00 
28.  .50 
00.00 
30.  00 
30. 1)0 
72.  (K) 
42.  (X) 
36.  IX) 
33.  fX) 
42.00 
33.00 
36.00 
54.00 
38.  00 
30.  00 
72.  00 
24.  10 
54.00 
30. 00 
48.  00 
2.5.00 
33.60 

(') 
36.00 
42.  (X) 
30.  00 
60.00 

f) 
30.00 
18.00 
75. 00 


60.28 
64.  (X) 
45.  (X) 
25.00 
39.00 


60.00 
36.  00 
16.  (X) 
4.5.  (K) 
45. fX) 
71.00 
39.  (X) 
48.00 


Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 


(«) 


(') 


$18.00 


0) 

24.06' 


0) 
34.06' 


»  Lived  here  less  than  1  year,       *  Water  bill  last  year  was  $5.       •  Wat  bill  last  year  was  ? 


I'otaL 


$168.00 

(') 

108.  00 

(') 
105. 00 
101.00 
114.80 
103.00 


92.00 
130.  IX) 
lOli.  IX) 
104. 18 
117.00 
141.  IX) 

90.00 

97.  65 
126.  IX) 

88.  IK) 
100.  IX) 
152.  >0 
122.110 
12(i.  25 
103.  IX) 
11.5.78 
12-1.00 

91..  IK) 
147.00 
117.00 

81  i.  00 
148.  -.0 

6).  10 
109.  IK) 
121.00 

125.  no 

72.  IX) 

87. 60 

(') 

91.00 
141.95 
118.  IX) 
145. 00 

(') 

75.  (K) 

92.  IK) 
125.00 


145.28 
165.  (K) 

95.  m 
127.  IX) 

98.  IX) 


140.00 

nil.  IX) 

(ill.  75 

122.  IX) 

1.57.  (K) 
131.  IK) 
1  IK  I.  .50 
122.00 

50. 


APPENDIX  B. KEXTS  Or    HOUSES  AND  APARTMENTS. 


55 


COST  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHED  HOUSES— Continued. 
Six  rooms  and  bath — Concluded. 


Rent  per 
month. 

Rent 
in- 
cludes 
water? 

Expennes  for  fuel  and  light  past  year. 

Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 
gust, 
1919. 

Coal. 

Wood. 

Kero- 
sene 
and 
gas. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

Southeast — Concluded. 
Twelfth  and  D  Streets        

$28.50 
35.00 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes. . . 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Noi... 
Yes... 

$66.00 
67.50 
70.00 
50.00 
65.00 
82.50 
30.30 
57.30 
68.00 
75.00 
47.00 

'$8. '66' 

5.00 
5.00 
7.00 
2.00 
4.25 

"2.06" 

5.00 

$60.00 
30.00 
84.00 
66.00 
44.00 
48.00 
45.00 
32.25 
67.00 
46.00 
50.00 

$26.66' 

$126. 00 

Fourteenth  and  D  Streets 

117.50 

Thirteenth  and  C  Streets 

$21. 50 

22.50 

162.00 

Twelfth  Street  and  Kentucky  Avenue 

26.50 
22.50 
18.00 
16. 50 
19.50 
21.. ^)0 
16.00 
18.50 

121.00 

Thirtwinth  and  C  Streets 

114.00 

Fourteenth  and  E  Streets  ................. 

137.50 

Eleventh  and  li^  Streets       ............  . 

16.50 

83.30 

First  and  Carroll  Streets 

93.80 

Twenty-fifth  and  V  Streets 

Si.xteenth  and  U  Streets,  Anacostia 

Fif t/eent^  and  G  Streets 

'l6.'66" 

18.50 

135.00 
123.00 
102.00 

Seven  rooms  and  bath. 


Northwest. 
North  Capitol  and  N  Streets  

$35.00 

$35.00 

Ym     . 

$60.00 
69.30 

120.00 
(>6.00 
65.00 

70.00 
65.00 
90.00 
100.00 
49.00 

62.00 
64.00 
108.00 
68.00 
79.  93 
76.00 

135.00 

87.00 
46.00 
61.23 
80.00 
65.00 

$84.00 

$144.00 

Mount  Pleasant  and  Hohart  Streets 

52.50  1  No»... 
28.50  1  Yes... 
25.50     Yas... 

96.00   $30.00 
45.00     36.00 
40.00    

195.30 

Ninth  and  Allison  Streets  

201.00 

First  Street  and  Massachusetts  Avenue  ... 

106. 00 

Nineteenth  and  L  Streets 

32.50 

35.50 
35. 50 

Yes... 

Yes. . . 
Yes... 

$6.66     30.  .W  1 1 

100.50 

Pnnceton    Place    and    New    Hampshire 
A  venue      . 

6.00 
"9.60 

"8.66 

"i.'M' 


42.00     36.00 
30.00     30.00 

153.00 

First  and  T  Streets   

30.50 

115.00 

First  and  M  Streets       

37.  .V)  1  Yes... 
2.5. 50  1  Yea. . . 
25.50     Yea... 

60.00 
52. 00 
66.00 

3.1. 10 

150. 00 

First  and  I  Streets 

25.50 

152. 00 

Thirty-fourth  and  N  Streets 

124.60 

Northeast 
Forty-fourth  and  N  .^tre^ts 

14.50 

17.50 
32.00 
27.00 
18.50 
33. 00 
26.50 

20.00 

45.00 

Yes... 
No'... 
No»... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 

Y«s... 

97.10 

Tweffth  and  Monro*  Streets 

4.5.00      20.00 
114.00 

129.00 

Fourth  and  U  Streets  

27.00 

222.00 

Thirteenth  and  r  Streets     

24.48 

120.  00 

52.00 

90.00 

81.00 
98.00 
52.  00 
42.00 
64.50 

.>.•... 

92.48 

Fourth  and  .\  Streets     

27.50 

l'.t9.93 

136.00 

Southwest. 
Seventh  and  D  Streets 

225.00 

Southeant. 
Third  and  A  Streets 

ins.  00 

Ttiirlcenth  and  A  Streets 

32.50 
22.50 

3.5.  .V)      Yes... 
25. 00     Yes . . . 
25.60  1  Ym... 

144.00 

fcixtli  Street  anfl  South  Carolina  Avenue... 
0  wclfih  and   \\  Streets 

113.25 
126.  .50 

LlcM  iitli  Htre<^i   ui'l  South  Carolina  Avenue 

23.50 

Yes... 

1 

119.50 

'   .'.  liter  1)111  In.  :  i.oO. 

*  Water  bill  last  >«u'  ww  $0. 


*  Water  bill  laal  i  ear  wan  $6.05. 


56 


APPENDIXES. 


COST  OF  RENTS-UNFUUNISHED  HOUSES— Concluded. 
Eight  roovis  and  bath. 


Rent  per 
niontn. 

Rout 

in- 
cludes 
water? 

Expenses  for  fuel  and  light  past  year. 

Location  (nearest  street  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 
gust, 
1919. 

Coal. 

Wood. 

Kero- 
sene 
and 
gas. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

Northwest. 
First  and  E  Streets 

$25  50 

Yes... 
Yes... 
No»... 
No2... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
No.^... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes. . . 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

$66. 00 

125.00 

121.50 

75.00 

80.00 

177.40 

96.88 

90  00 

100.45 

65.  00 

75.00 

70.00 

80.00 

75.00 

130.00 

120. 00 
50. 00 
90.00 

109.  25 
24.00 
94.  50 

111  50 
72.00 
88.00 
70. 00 
90  (K) 
S4.00 
62.00 

V) 

108.90 

70.00 

$5.00 

"5.' 66' 

1.50 

'i2"66' 

10.00 

'46.'66' 

"io.'oo' 
"'5.' 66' 

16.00 

....... 

"z.bb' 
"ib'.bo' 

$75. 48 
70.00 

130  00 
72.00 
55. 00 
4S.0O 
96  00 
75.  m 
42.00 
66.00 
3(j.  CK) 
74,00 
40.00 
60. 00 
36.00 

115.00 
45.  00 
60  00 
102.  00 
13H.60 
65.  fX) 
50.  00 
.54.  00 
46. 20 
84.  W 
45  00 
42.00 
45. 00 

(<) 
75.00 
96.00 

$36.'66' 

$146  48 

Thirteenth  and  Oirard  Streets 

$42.00 

55.00 
47.50 
35  50 
30.00 
45.00 
35.  50 
45.00 
35.  50 
30.  50 
2'; .  50 
28.  50 
55.  50 
30. 50 
45.00 

32.50 
29.00 
40.00 
39.00 
32.50 
36.00 
30.00 
40.00 
35.  50 
32. 50 
30. 50 
50.00 
30.50 

75.00 
30.00 
30.00 

195  00 

Twcntv-second  and  N  Streets 

251  50 

Seventeenth  and  U  Streets 

32.50 

147  00 

Twt'utv-second  and  F  Streets 

140  00 

Eleventh  and  K  Streets 

45.00 
35.50 

226  90 

Eleventh  and  P  Streets 

192  88 

Vermont  Avenue  and  P  Street 

165  00 

Thirtivnth  and  M  Streets 

1.54  45 

Ninth  and  S  Streets 

30. 50 

141  00 

First  and  I  Streets 

27.50 

111  00 

Sixth  and  Q  Streets 

144  00 

Newton  Street  and  Park  Place 

1.50  00 

Ninth  and  Buchanan  Streets 

Twentieth  Street  and  Ilillyer  Place 

Northeast. 

Tenth  Street  and  Massachusetts  Avenue 

30.50 
45.00 

135. 00 
206.00 

235  00 

Fourteenth  and  F  Streets 

27.50 
30.00 

95  00 

Eiehth  and  A  Streets 

I.")*)  00 

Fifth  and  P  Streets 

221  25 

Fifth  and  -A.  Streets 

162  60 

Fir.-t  and  R  Streets 

164  ,50 

Do 

30.00 

177  .00 

Tenth  and  C  Streets 

126  00 

Tenth  and  Newton  Streets 

134  20 

Sixth  and  A  Streets 

1.54  00 

Eighth  and  F  Streets 

27.50 

135  00 

Fifteenth  and  Newton  Streets  (Brookland). 
Ninth  andC  Streets 

126.00 
110  00 

Southeast. 
Eifrhthand  B  Streets 

(*) 
193  90 

Sixth  and  E  Streets 

25.50 

Ninth  Street  and  North  Carolina  Avenue 

172  00 

'  Water  bill  last  year  was  .*>. 
*  Water  bill  last  year  was  S4.3a 


»  Water  bill  last  year  was  id. 
<  Lived  here  less  than  1  year. 


APPENDIX   B. RENTS   OF   HOUSES   AND  APARTMENTS. 


57 


COST  OF  RENTS— UNFURNISHED  FLATS. 
Four  rooms  and  bath. 


Floor. 

Rent  per 
month. 

Rent  includes — 

Expenses  for  fuel  and  light 
during  the  year. 

Location  (nearest 
street  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 
gust, 
1919. 

Heat. 

Light. 

Water. 

Coal. 

Wood. 

Kero- 
sene 
and 
gas. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

Northwett. 
12th  and  New  York 

2d.... 

2d.... 

$25.00 

$25.00 

45.00 
30.00 
10.00 
15.00 
14.00 
60.00 
50.00 

40.00 
16.00 
43.30 

60.00 
30.50 
60.00 

35.00 
18.  .50 
35.00 
15.00 

35.00 

27.  .50 
25.50 
25.50 
25.00 

Yes.. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

Yes.. 
No... 
Yes.. 

Yes.. 
No... 

Yes.. 

No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 

Yes.. 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

No... 
No... 

Yes.. 

Yes.. 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 

No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 

Yes.. 

$30.00 

21.00 
12.00 
42.00 
22.80 
24.00 

$24.00 
12.00 

$30.00 

Ave. 
13th  and  N        

Yes.. 

45.00 

17th  and  Chapin 

1st... 

Yes.. 

24.00 

2d.... 
2d.... 
1st... 

15.00 
14.00 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

$60.00 
25.00 
33.  (X) 

'J3.'66' 
3.00 

102. 0!) 

N.  ("apitol  and  Bates.. 
Do 

50.80 
60.00 

ISlh  and  I 

3d    .. 

Georgia  Ave.  and 

Shepherd. 
25t  h  and  L         

2d 

Yes.. 

3d. . . . 

Yes.. 

35.00 
12.00 

35.00 

2d  and  Q 

1st... 

Yes.. 
Yc; 

30.00 

42.00 

T;i' lor  and  Marlboro 

Place. 
4th  and  M                  .  . 

2d 

2d      . 



Yes.. 

2d.... 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

60.00 

2.50 

72.00 
60.00 

70.00 
30.00 
42.00 
45.00 

4.S.(X) 

33.00 
39. «) 
56.00 
96.00 

"36.66" 
'96!66' 

134.50 

4th  and  M            

2d  ... 

96.00 

Northeast. 

N.  Capitol  and  M 

11th  and  H 

2d 

Yes.. 

70.00 

3d.... 
1st 

15.60 

No'.. 
Yes.. 

53.75 

89.75 

3d  and  B 

42.00 

Montpl In  and  Morse    .. 

1st... 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

40.00 

85.00 

Southwest. 
11th  and  C 

Souiheatl. 

13th  and  Mass.  Ave — 
13th  and  Kentucky  Ave 
Isl  and  B    

3d.... 

2d.... 
2d.... 

35.00 

48.00 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

Yes.. 

63  m 

100.00 

24.00 

96.00 
1,39. 00 

2d.... 

M).00 

131  h  ind  O 

2d.... 

192.00 

t  Water  bill  last  year  was  M. 


Used  for  heating  also 


58 


APPENDIXES. 


COST  OF  RENT&— UNFUUNISHED  FLATS— Concluded. 

Five  rooms  and  bath. 


Floor. 

Rent  per 
month. 

Rent  includes — 

■  r  -                                           -r 

Expenses  for  fuel  and  light  past  year. 

Location  (nearest 
St  rcct  intersection). 

1914 

Au- 
gust, 
1919 

Heat. 

Light. 

Water. 

Coal. 

Wood. 

Kero- 
sene 
and 
gas. 

Elec- 
tric- 
ity. 

Total. 

NoTihweM. 

N.  Capitol  and  V 

Klrbv  and  Morgan 

11th  and  Otis  I'Lice  . . . 
22d  and  Decatur  Place 
Do 

1st... 
2d.... 
1st... 
2d.... 
1st... 
2d.... 

$25.00 
22.  .50 

'25.'66' 

$45. 00 
22.50 
25.50 
25.00 
25. 50 
25.50 
35.00 
35.50 
20.50 
60.00 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
Yes.. 

Yes.. 
No... 

No... 
Yes.. 
No... 

No... 
Yes.. 

No... 

No... 
Yes.. 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
Yes.. 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 

Yes.. 
Yos.. 
Yes . . 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

S84. 00 
60.00 
45.00 
60.00 
108. 00 
100.00 
53.63 

$2.00 

5.00 

""3.' 66' 

18.00 

"i."66" 

$47.00 
108.00 
84.00 
lOH.OO 
48.00 
15.00 
42.00 
42.00 
44.00 

$i8."66' 

$133. 00 
173.00 
129.  00 
171.(10 
174. 1)0 

13th  and  Monroe 

133.  00 

Do 

Ist... 

90.  63 

20th  and  0 

1st... 

42.  no 

3dandR 

1st... 
2d 

19.50 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

55.00 

3.00 

102.  00 

1st  Md  U 

1st  and  0 

2d.... 

17. 25 
43.00 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

60.66 

10.00 

37.00 
30.00 

30.00 
72.00 

30.00 
»84.00 
36. 00 

51.00 
24.00 
36.00 

42.00 
33.00 
24.00 

'24.'66' 
24.00 

'22."66' 
"24.'66' 

167.66 

Broad  Branch    Road 

2d.... 

4th... 
1st... 

30.00 

54.00 

and  Tilden. 
14th  andT 

42. 50     50.  on 

Yes.. 

54.00 

23d  and  M 

17.50 

20.50 
30.00 
22.50 

18.50 
23.50 
20.50 

25.50 
37.50 
27.50 

Yes,. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

18.00 
38.93 

6.00 

90.00 

Northeast. 
8th  and  A 

2d.... 

73.93 

12th  and  Florida  .\ve 

3d    . 

106.00 

N.  Capitol  and  Todd 

Place. 
11th  and  D 

2d.... 

Yes.. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

70.50 
50.00 

106.50 

1st... 

101. 00 

13th  and  Maryland  Ave 

2d.... 

24.00 

1st... 

Yes.. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

50.00 
75.00 

"'"" 

80.00 

Southeast. 
13th  and  B 

1st . . . 

117.00 

1st... 

57. 00 

13th  and  Mass.  .Vve 

1st... 

Yes.. 

76.66   

94.00 

Six  rooms  and  bath. 


North  west. 

Georgia    Ave.    and 

Park  Road, 
9th  and  Crittenden . . . 

2d.... 

$18.50 

37.00 
21.50 

30.50 
17.50 
40.00 
24.00 
30.25 
26.50 

40.00 
16.50 
30.00 
27.00 
35.00 

19.50 
20.50 

No.. 

No.. 
No.. 

No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 

Yes. 
No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 

No.. 
No.. 

No... 

No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 
No... 

No... 
No... 

Yes.. 

Yes . . 
Yes.. 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

$131. 00 

100.00 
75.00 

105.00 

68.88 

2$204. 00 

40.00 
48.00 

42.00 

36.  on 
in.  on 

76. 00 
60.  (X) 
95.00 

42.00 
27. 00 
72.  f)0 
48.  m 
33.00 

29. 00 
46. 25 

$24.00 

'i2.'66' 

'so.'oo' 

$335.00 

2d.... 

164.  00 

N.  Capitol  and  Sea- 
ton  Place. 

17th  and  Chapin 

3othandT 

17th  and  I 

2d.... 

123.  00 

2d.... 
2d.... 
3d.... 
2d.... 

$20.50 
17.50 
25.00 

147.00 

104.  S8 
22.  no 

17th  and  Wlllard 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

70.00 
79.00 

'$S.'66' 

140.  on 

5th  and  Cedar 

1st... 

147. no 

N.  Capitol  and  V 

Northeast. 
10  and  Mass.  Ave. .... 

2d 

..  . 

05.00 

2d.... 

Yes.. 

42.00 

7th  and  0 

3d.... 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 
Yes.. 

57.50 

80.  ."iO 

200.00 

84.50 

12»1.  ind  E 

2d.... 

152.  .")0 

l''lh  and  A 

2d.... 

284. 00 

2d  and  E.  Capitol — 

Southeast. 

13th  and  B 

12th  and  B 

3d.... 

2d.... 
2d.... 

....... 

31.60 

33.00 

Yes.. 
Yes.. 

62.60 
72.00 

"i.'oo' 

81.50 
119.25 

_ 

>  Heat  furnished  was  not  sutUcieDt  to  i]iali.e  looaii  uomibi table,  so  gas  hetxleii  were  used. 
I  Used  for  beating  alsa 


APPENDIX  C— COST  OF  UPKEEP  OF  FURNITURE  AND  FURNISHINGS. 

Conclusions  as  to  the  amount  necessary  for  the  annual  upkeep  of 
furniture  and  household  fm*nishings  for  a  family  of  five  have  been 
based  on  approximately  100  schedules,  showing  one  year's  expendi- 
tures for  furniture  and  furnishings,  secured  in  1918  by  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  Statistics  from  families  consisting  of  husband,  wife,  and 
three  chikhen  under  1 5  years,  living  in  large  Eastern  or  Middle  Western 
cities,  and  having  a  total  annual  expenditure  of  SI, 500  and  under 
$2,100. 

Inasmuch  as  the  families  scheduled  spend  annually  from  $1,500  to 
$2,100,  they  are  presumably  living  according  to  a  decent  and  fairly 
comfortable  standard.  Their  household  equipment,  therefore,  may 
be  regarded  as  of  reasonably  good  quality,  although,  of  course,  not 
luxurious,  and  may  be  considered  as  comparable  with  the  household 
equipment  of  the  average  Government  worker  in  Washington. 

From  the  schedules  the  average  costs  of  the  more  important  neces- 
sary items  (such  as  chairs,  tables,  bedroom  furniture,  etc.)  were  com- 
puted, together  with  the  relation  of  expenditures  for  miscellaneous 
items  (such  as  gas  mantles  or  electric  bulbs,  miscellaneous  laundry 
utensils,  etc.)  to  expenditures  for  the  more  im})ortant  items. 

By  applying  these  average  costs  to  a  list  consisting  of  a  minimum 
number  of  articles  of  furniture  and  furnishings  necessary  for  a  family 
of  five,  and  adding  the  percentage  necessary  for  miscellaneous  items, 
it  lias  been  found  that  the  average  cost  of  renewal  of  a  comjilete 
household  equipment  for  such  a  family  outside  of  Washington  is  about 
$851.  The  average  annual  expenditure  for  u])kee])  of  furnitur(>  and 
furnishings,  as  indicated  in  the  schedules  used,  is  about  $52,  or  6  per 
cent  of  the  total  cost  of  renewal. 

By  applying  Washingtoii  prices  in  August,  1010,  to  the  above-men- 
tioned list  of  necessary  furniture  and  furnisliings,  it  is  computed  that 
the  total  cost  of  renewal  of  the  more  important  items  of  household 
equipment  for  a  family  of  iiv(i  in  Washington  is  $1,().S3.  Even  with 
the  closest  economy  in  buying,  including  the  purchase  of  some  second- 
hand furniture,  this  total  could  not  well  he  icihiccd  Ix'low  $1,000. 
For  aimual  upkeep,  6  per  cent  of  this,  or  $60,  is  therefore  necessary. 
About  $10  a  year  in  addition  is  recpiired  for  gas  numtles  or  electric 
bulbs,  miscellaneous  lauiitiry  utensils,  screens,  shades,  curtains,  etc, 
making  a  total  of  $70. 

TIk!  fact  that  $70  is  a  rfasonai)lc  ninonnt  for  anmuil  n])kee])  of 
furniture  and  furnisinngs  in  Washington  at  the  present  time  is  boriu; 

5«J 


60  APPENDIXES. 

out  by  the  findings  of  the  board  of  arbitration  in  the  Seattle  street 
railway  case  in  1917.  The  award  which  was  made  in  this  case,  after 
uniisualh-  extensive  investigation  and  hearings,  allowed  $40  for  annual 
niiiintenance  of  household  equipment.  Inasmuch  as  the  data  ob- 
tained in  the  cost-of-living  surveys  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Lal)()r 
Statistics  indicate  that  the  cost  of  house  furniture  and  furnishings  has 
increased  at  least  100  per  cent  since  the  above  award,  an  allowance  of 
$70  as  the  annual  cost  for  this  item  in  Washington  at  the  present 
time  seems  very  reasonable. 

The  Washington  prices  used  were  obtained  by  a  committee  of 
special  agents  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  who  visited  several 
stores  and  secured  prices  according  to  the  or(Unary  "shopping" 
method.  This  committee  kept  in  mind  in  its  selection  of  prices 
the  quality,  suitability,  and  durability  of  each  article.  Prices  of 
articles  of  furniture  or  furnishings  which  represent  a  passing  style  or 
fad  have  not  been  taken  into  consideration.  Many  articles  of  this 
nature  have  been  found  to  be  lower  in  price  but  of  inferior  quality  or 
unsuitable  and  uneconomical  for  a  family  having  children. 

Very  few  alternatives  have  been  suggested,  ]>rincipally  for  the 
reason  that  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  confine  the  list  to  the 
eniallest  number  of  articles  consistent  with  economy,  efficiency,  and 
a  decent  manner  of  living,  necessary  for  a  family  of  five,  and  the 
least  possible  amount  necessary  for  annual  upkeep  and  replacement 
of  these  articles. 

In  addition  to  the  list  of  necessary  articles,  there  is  presented  a  list 
consisting  of  a  few  articles  of  furniture  and  furnishings  desirable  from 
the  point  of  view  of  efficiency,  and  not  oidy  of  a  decent  but  of  a 
reasonably  comfortable  living.  Some  of  these  articles  would  tend  to 
shorten  the  hours  spent  by  the  wife  in  actual  housework  and  enable 
her  to  give  more  time  to  the  mental  and  moral  training  of  her  chil- 
dren; others,  such  as  pictures  and  a  musical  instrument,  would  tend 
to  make  the  home  a  more  attractive  j)lace  for  both  parents  and 
children,  giving  them  an  opportunity  for  recreation  and  enjoyment 
witiiin  the  circle  of  family  life,  and  preventing  them  from  seeking, 
perhaps,  less  desirable  entertainment  elsewhere. 

The  total  cost  of  purchase  of  these  articles,  with  the  exception  of 
pictures  and  musical  records,  is  about  SI 72.  Six  per  cent  of  this,  or 
$10,  would  be  necessary  for  annual  upkeep  and  replacement.  For 
pictures  and  musical  records,  the  annual  expenditures  among  the 
wage  earners'  families  outside  of  Washington  whose  schedules  were 
used  in  connection  with  this  inquiry  averaged  SI. 78.  For  the  families 
of  Government  workers  in  Washington  an  annual  expenditure  of  S3 
for  these  items  seems  a  very  conservative  estimate,  bringing  the 
total  for  annual  expenditures  for  the  items  in  this  additional  list  to 


APPENDIX  C. UPKEEP   OF  FURNITURE  AND  FURNISHINGS.       61 

SI 3,  and  the  total  for  expenditures  for  upkeep  and  replacement  of  all 
furniture  and  furnishings  to  $83  a  year. 

E^en  with  the  addition  of  the  above-mentioned  list  of  furniture 
and  furnishings  considered  as  desirable,  but  not  absolutely  necessary 
for  decent  living,  the  total  list  of  furniture  and  furnishings  to  be 
maintained  is  very  small.  If  a  few  alternatives  are  taken  into  con- 
sideration, such  as  large  instead  of  small  rugs  in  the  dining  room, 
living  room,  and  bedrooms,  which  would  add  to  the  good  appearance 
of  the  home,  without  adding  greatly  to  annual  expenses,  or  if  any 
further  additions  in  the  way  of  labor-saving  devices  are  maintained, 
such  as  a  vacuum  cleaner,  or  a  fireless  cooker,  the  standard  of  the 
home  is  materially  raised,  and  through  the  use  of  the  labor-saving 
devices  the  wife  has  a  better  op])ortunity  to  preserve  her  health  and 
has  more  time  to  give  to  the  training  of  her  chil<lren. 

Both  of  the  above-mentioned  lists  of  furniture  and  furnishings  have 
been  made  on  the  basis  of  five  rooms — living  room,  dining  room, 
kitchen,  and  two  bedrooms.  If  the  family  occupies  a  six-room  house 
or  apartment  and  "spreads"  its  bedi'oom  furniture  so  that  the  extra 
room  may  be  occupied  by  one  of  the  children,  having  perhaps  rugs 
and  a  chair  in  addition,  the  extra  cost  per  year  will  be  about  $1.50. 
If  the  family  lives  in  a  four-room  house  or  apartment,  using  its  dining 
room  also  as  a  living  room,  the  reduction  in  yearh-  expenses  would 
amount  to  about  S5.50. 

PRKSKNT    COST    OF    RICNKWAL    OF    NKCP^SSARY    ARTICLKS    OF    FURNITURK    AND 
FURNISHINGS,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C,  PRICKS. 


Article. 


1  refrlRcrator 

8  tal)lfs: 

I)lnlnK  room 

l.ivinff  room 

K  i  I  f 'hRn 

18  ch-arj: 

fi  'UnInK  room , 

.1  lx:flroom 

4  llvinR  room 

2  kitchen 

I  hich  choir 

Rur  : 

1.1  vine  room 

ninint;  rfKiin 

B«.<|r 

■  iir^ 

1  (rofnirl  .  

1  «•  wine  mnchlnc 

1  ■icti*'!'  or  'lavenport 

1  sldrbonrd 

3  hiircau.1 

1  chiffonlrr 

t  bt  i\  ,  miittrp.>».ic(i,  nnd  ftprlnR!) 
I  'loublo 

asindc 

Icril.,  iiiaitrpM,  and  .sprinK... 
tiaundrv  ttilw 


Pr&sent 

cost. 


Remarks. 


$28.50  Smallest  size  and  make  .sumolpnt  in  capacity  for 
econoiniciil  prcsorvuLion  of  food  and  economy  in 
the  purcha.sc  of  ice. 

34.00     Oak  extension  table,  plain,  durable  quality. 
22.no     Oiik,  plain,  durable  iiuiilllv. 
'.1.00     48-incn  pino  liiblc,  with  1  drawer. 

60.00  '   Plain  diirnhlo  oak. 

XJ.  00  '  Walnut  for  one  room  and  palnlod  white  wood  for  one. 

80.  on     Oak  or  othrr  dnrabli'  W(H)d,  leather  seats. 

7.60      I'liinled  wood. 

0.00  I  Plain  durable  oak. 

18.00  I  SHiruill  Avmlnsler  nnr<,  durable. 

17.  no     2  small  Brussels  nitrs,  durable,  oa.<<ily  cleaned. 

i:..  00  4  1.1  bvflfeet),at  $.'{.76. 

I2.no  4  n  h-:  r,  f„eiS,nt  s;i. 

I'.oft  with  ni'Ul  framework  and  oloth  top. 

fin  .MO  I  make. 

.V^.o*)  'Mi.  n]  1)1  her  duniblo  wood,  leather  seat. 

4.VO0  MedliMii  il7,e,  oak. 

72.00  1  walnut  bureau,  plain,  $12;   I  white  painted  bureau, 

IV). 

27.fiO  While  iwlnlcd  wood. 

84.60     Walnut   bed.itend,   $49.fiO;    durable  felt  mattre,<M, 

I      $22. .V);  and  sprinc,  $l2.fi0. 
00.00     F.ach:    While  enumf  led  Ijedstnad,  $20;  durable  felt 

mritlresK,  $i.v   and  'JpriuK,  $10. 
2fi.  .VI      While  enameleil. 
2. 7fi  I  Medium  sized  galvanized. 


62 


APPENDIXES. 


PRKSKNT    COST    OP    RKNKWAL    OF    NRCi:SS.\llY    ARTICLES    OP    PURNITURR    AND 
FURNISIIINQS,  WASHINGTON.  D.  C,  PRICES-Concluded. 


Article. 


1  wnshboard . 

1  wrinsior 

1  boiler 

3  llat  irons . . . 
3mops , 


Broom  and  brushes . 


Present 
cost. 


33  towels: 

3  kitchen  hanil  towels 

12  Tiirlcish  to.vels 

IS  hand  towels 

Kit  clu  n  utensils 

3  table  cloths 

I  table  cover  (for  use  when  table  is  not 
set). 

18  napkins 

Dishes: 

50-picceset 

1  water  pitcher 

1  vinegar  cruet 

1  oi  1  cruet 

1  salt  shaker 

1  pepper  shaker 

6  tumblers 

Knives,  forks,  etc.: 

1  butter  knife 

1  sugar  spoon 

6  knives 

6  forks 

12  teaspoons 

6  dessert  spoons 

6  tablespoons 

1  car\ing  set 

4  pairs  blankets: 

1  pair  double-b  ?d  size 

2  p)airs  single-bed  size 

1  pair  crib  size 

4  com  forts: 

1  double-bed  size 

2  single-bed  size 

1  crib  size 

6  spreads: 

2  double-bed  size 

4  single-bed  size 

f  pillows: 

4  ordinary  size 

1  crib  size 

14  shi-ets: 

4  double-bed  size 

C  single-bed  size 

4  crib  size 

II  pillow  cases:  ! 

8  ordinary  size 

.3  crib  size 

10  dish  towels 

Table  oilcloth 


Total: 
If  rag  rugs  are  used  in  bedrooms. 
If  crex  rugs  are  used  In  bed- 
rooms. 


Remarks. 


SO.Go 
7.00 
3.  7.^. 
2. 25 
1.15 

2.78 


7/ine. 

Medium  sized. 

Medium  sized,  with  copper  bottom. 

4,  5,  and  6  pound  irons. 

1  handle  for  scrub  mop,  $0.40,  and  one  16-ounce  dry 

mop,  $0.75. 
Oood  quality  broom,  $1.29;    assorted  brushes  for 

floor,  stove,  sink,  etc.,  $1.49. 

Cotton. 

Part  linen. 

(See  list  annexed.) 

Cotton,  to  be  hemmed  at  home. 

Cotton  covering  to  protect  table. 

Part  linen,  22-inch. 

Plain  gold  line. 

Plain  heavy  glass. 

Plain  heavy  glass  holding  4  ounces. 

Plain  heavy  glass  holding  2  ounces. 

Plain  heavy  glass. 

Plain  heavy  glass. 

Plana. 


.75 

9.48 
13.  .50 
45.34 
12. 75 

3.00 

6.00 

12. 9S 
1.10 
.5(1 
.40 
.25 
.25 
.75 

.90 

.90 
8.25 
6.75 
6.00 
5.25 
5.75 
2.00 

14.25 
19.76 
7.00  || 

5.00   1 

10.00  ! >Cotton,  silkallne  covered. 
6.00   I 

8.00  'l  Good  grade  of  rippclctto,  medium  weight;  number 
16. 00  \l    sufficient  to  provide  for  laundering. 

12.00 


Quadruple  plated,  plain. 

Good  quality  steel  knife  and  fork,  and  sharpener. 
Part  wool. 


j9JJj    Goose  and  chicken  feathers. 
8.60  1 


8.60   1 
0.50  \}l 
2.00   I 


10. 50  I  J-Number  sufHcient  to  provide  for  laundering. 
2. 


3  ?9  \  Number  sufficient  to  pro^ide  for  laundering. 

3. 00    Cotton,  to  be  hemmed  at  home. 
.  50     For  pine  table. 


APPENDIX   C. UPKEEP   OF  FUKXITURE  AND  FURNISHINGS.       63 

PRESENT  COST  OF  RENEWAL  OF  NECESSARY  KITCHEN  UTENSILS,  WASHINGTON, 

D.  C,  PRICES. 


Article. 


Present 
cost. 


Remarks. 


1  refrigerator  pan 

1  ice  pick 

1  garbage  pall 

1  towel  rack 

1  soap  dish 

1  hand  basin  for  sink 

1  soap  shaker 

1  dLshpan 

1  dish  drainer 

1  wire  dishcloth 

1  dish  mop 

1  tea  A-ett  le 

1  coffeepot 

1  teapot 

1  preser^nng  kettle 

3  dozen  jelly  glasses 

3  dozen  fruit  jars 

3  stew  pans  or  kettles 

2cake  pans  (oblong) 

2  pie  pans 

6  bowls  (assorted  sizes) •- 

2  large  bread  pans  or  3  small 

1  bread-raising  pan 

1  roasting  pan 

1  sugar  crock 

1  tea  canister 

1  cotf  ee  canister 

1  bread  tin 

2  frying  pans 

1  double  boiler 

1  broiler  ( if  coal  stove  is  used )  or  1  toaster 

(if  u'as  stove  is  used). 

1  raiUlin  pan 

2  vegetable  or  pudding  dishes 

1  colander 

1  chopping  bowl  and  knife 

1  meat  grinder 

1  funnel 

1  potato  masher 

1  egg  healer 

1  grater 

2  -;t  rainers 

1  bread  hdard 

1  meat  board 

1  large  salt  ^!laker 

1  prppcr  shaker 

1  t)isciiit  cutter 

1  rolling  pin 

1  flour  sifve 

2  mc'i  ■"^'"■'  "'ips 

1  sc!  f  spoons 

1  Icii'  /er 

1  can  ()|M!ner 

1  corkscrew 

1  large  knife 

2  f-a-^r  knives  and  forks 

1  par-   ■'-■-'.     

1  w.  n 

3  nil    .:.,     ,       IW 

1  pancake lurnor 

2  fu  rt  1 ;  i-n ware  plate* 

Total 


$0.55 

.10 

1.35 

.25 

.25 

.45 

.15 

1.20 

.65 

.15 

.10 

2.50 

1.05 

.80 

2.29 

1.47 

3.00 

1.85 

.90 

.20 

1.85 

1.47 

2.15 

1.10 

.50 

.69 

.69 

1.49 

.90 

1.25 

.45 

.98 
.50 
.59 
.64 
2.65 
.45 
.10 
.35 
.15 
.45 
.75 
.65 
.15 
.16 
.15 
.60 
.35 
.30 
.30 
.10 
.08 
.20 
.39 
.80 
.30 
.16 
.52 
.15 
.60 


46.34 


Galvanized. 

Small,  with  wood  handle. 

Galvanized,  medium  sized. 

Wood,  with  three  rods. 

White  enamel. 

Gray  enamel. 

Woven  wire,  heavv. 

Tin. 

Heavy  wire,  vnth  plate  holders. 

String  mop. 

Nickel,  with  copper  bottom. 

Gray  enamel. 

Gray  enamel. 

Gray  enamel. 

With  covers. 

Jars  holding  1  quart. 

Gray,  3  sizes. 

Heavy,  pressed  tin. 

Pressed  tin. 

Set  of  5. 

Pressed  tin. 

Heavy  tin,  with  cover. 

Mediimi  size. 

Holding  1  pound,  painted  light  brown. 

Holding  1  pound,  painted  light  brown. 

Painted. 

1  small  pan,  1  medium-sized  iron  pan. 

Enameled,  holding  1  quart. 


Tin,  for  1  dozen  muffins. 

Earthenware. 

Gray  enamel. 

Medium-sized  bowl,  single  knlf*. 

Two-sized  grinder. 

Grav  enamel. 

Wire,  with  wood  handle. 

Medium  size  and  weight. 

Tin. 

1  large  .strainer,  1  tea  strainer. 

18  by  24  inches. 

I'laih,  of  hardwood. 

.Mumlniim. 

.Muminum. 

Tin. 

Medium  sized. 
Tin,  or  ahi'iiiiiiim. 
6  sizes. 
01a!<s. 

Small,  with  woo<l  handl*. 

With  wood  handle. 
(■oo<l  quality  steel. 

Meial,3sUe(i. 

Yellow  earthenware. 


64  APPENDIXES. 

Al'PITIONAL  LIST  OF  FURNITURE  AN1>  FURNISITINfiR  DKSIRABT.F  FROM  A  POINT 
OF  VIKW   OF   A   DECKNT   AND   COMFORTAliLK   l.IVINCJ    AND   OF    KFFICIKNCY. 

Present  cost  of  renewal,  Washington,  D.  C,  prices. 

Linoleum  tor  kitchen,  12.4  square  yards,  at  $2.25 $27.  90 

This  is  especially  desirable  if  floor  is  of  badly  worn  or  rough  wood. 
Among  families  outsdde  of  Washinsjton  whose  schedules  were  used 
in  connection  with  this  inquiry,  those  purchasing  linoleum  bought 
an  average  of  12.4  sqiuxre  yards  each. 

Bookcase.     Sectional  bookcase,  oak,  four  sections,  top,  and  base 42.  00 

Li\-ing-room  clock.     Small  clock  with  plain  wooden  case 8.  00 

Carjiet  sweeper.     Medium  size,  desirable  for  eSiciency  in  cleaning  rugs...        4.25 
Mi:sical  instrument.     This  makes  a  more  attractive  home  both  for  parents 

and  for  children.     Talking  machine 90.00 

Pictures,  musical  records,  etc (') 

Total 172.  15 

'  Among  families  outside  of  Washington  whose  schedules  were  used  In  conneQtion  with  this  Laquiry,  the 
average  expenditure  in  the  past  year  for  these  items  was  S1.78. 


APPENDK  D.    MTSCEIJ,  \NEOUS  ITEMS. 

The  following  table  shows  actual  expenditures  for  miscellaneous 
items  bv  64  families  of  Government  workers  living  in  Washington, 
D.  C,  for  the  years  ending  December  31,  1916,  and  July  31,  1919: 

EXPENDITURE   FOR  MISCELLANEOUS  ITEMS. 


Family 
No.' 

Property 

insurance 

(furniture). 

Life  insurance. 

Charity. 

Religion. 

Ltibor  organi- 
zation.<i. 

Other 
organiza- 
tions. 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1019 

1910      1919 

1 

$41.00 
72.00 
33.00 
52.20 
98.00 

107.77 

140.80 

7.80 

13«.20 

35.40 

60.60 

216.00 

24.00 

89.60 

241.40 

53.40 
18.00 
101.00 
40.00 
74.00 

85.32 

fif..  00 

180.00 

30.00 

80.20 

83.66 
5«i.  SO 
57.00 
78.00 
75.00 

72  00 
88  ro 
72  iM) 
120.80 
74.40 

23.40 

$57. 72 
60.00 
74.82 
34.00 
98.00 

98.14 
106.40 

48.00 

108.20 

83.40 

'$6.'66' 

"3.' 66' 
■  '2.' 66' 

$20.00 
5.00 

85.00 
5.00 

15.00 

15.00 
25.00 
12.00 
10.00 

$20.00 

36.00 

30.80 

6.00 

12.00 

18.20 
7.00 
1.00 

13.00 

13.00 

8.00 
18.  (X) 

3.00 
35.20 
30.00 

2.60 
36  00 
25. 1)0 

$27.60 
59.00 
40.00 
13.00 
22.50 

60.00 
10.00 
12.00 
18.00 

$i2."66' 

'12.' 66' 

$12.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 

2 

J2.50 

$12.06" 
3.00 
2.50 

3 

$81.00 

4 

6 

2.00 

6 

"24.' 66' 
12.00 
1200 

4.00 
34.00 
21.00 
18.60 

7 

...    36.00 

8 

9 



14.40 

10 

11 

3.00 

"6."  66' 

5.00 
10.00 
25.00 
.35.00 

5.00 

5.00 

20.00 
24.00 
lo.fiO 
25.00 
36.00 

10  00 
34.00 
25.00 
15.60 
12. 00 

80.00 
6.00 

18.00 
1.00 
8.20 

5.00 
60.00 
10.00 

4.10 
30.00 

15.00 
16  00 
36  00 
6.00 
10.00 

6.00 
40  00 
15.00 
13.00 

4.60 

86.110 
8.  no 
50  (W 
1.5  00 
10.00 

60.00 
30.00 
,50.00 
.5.  no 
13.  UO 

'16.' 66' 

4.00 
15.00 

$3.00 

'  '2.' 66" 

0.00 

12     

76.00 

22.20 

21.60 

152.20 

74.48 
3ti.  00 
101.00 
30.  20 
79.00 

63.50 

r,f,.oo 

222.00 

45.20 

95.00 

65  03 
86.80 
57.  UO 
T8.00 
76.00 

107.00 
69  00 
72.00 
87  68 
67.00 

88.38 

"25.' 66' 
120.00 

2.00 

18.00 

13 

2.00 

9.00 

14   

12.' 66' 

4.00 
4.00 
12.00 

'24.66' 

8.00 
21.00 

6.00 
24.00 
12.00 
15.00 
24.00 

16 

2.  .50 

2.50 

16 

.60 

17 

5.00 

18 

1.67 

1.67 
7.50 

lU     

6.00 

25.00 
10.00 

12.00 

13.00 

20 

26.00 
87.00 

6.00 

21 

22 

.■5.00 

2.00 

13  00 

15  00 
5.00 

15.00 

33 

70.00 
1.00 
7.80 

16.70 

86.00 

8.10 

3  «)0 

30.00 

10.00 

24 

Xi 

6.00 

6.00 

13.00 

6.00 

»; 

.26 

2.1.00 
.^20 
6.00 

'i3'66' 

4.00 
12  00 

27 

2X 

8.00 

8.00 

9.00 

20 

'so.' 66" 

18. 00 

"4.' 26' 

4.00 
30.00 

15  00 
4  00 
4. 30 

30 

5.00 

8.00 

'i6'66' 
6.00 
8.00 

8.00 

31 

6. 00 

32 

■i8.'66' 

I.Oil 
10.00 

10.00 

20.00 

6.00 

10.00 

a-? 

34 

8.00 

3.00 

18.00 
6  00 
7.80 

13  88 

90.  UO 

6.00 
5.00 

35 

13  00 

34.36 

18.00 
1.00 

Zr. 

3.00 

37 

4.70 

8.00 
6.00 
6.00 

10.00 
6.00 
6.75 

.> 

2.00 

17.20 
102  00 

42.00 

144.00 

12  00 

14  00 

0.00 

13.00 

15  00 

34.00 

6.00 

21  00 

3n 

102.00 
46.00 

131  no 

8.'-..  so 
62.00 
81.00 

».00 
1  66 

48.00 
9  00 
69  16 
12  00 
10.40 

30. 00 
13.00 
33.00 
1.00 
10.00 

1.00 

40 

41 

86.00 
6.00 

20.  no 

6.00 

200.00 

~12.00 

24. 00 

42 

5.00 

1911.  00 

43 

75  00 
60.00 

4«  00 
4.00 

6.00 

5.U0 

44 

4o 

46 

6.00 



60.72 

60.72 

2.00 



10.00 

16.00 

24.00 

47 

4rf 

.30.66 
37.  .V) 
72.00 

76.80 
35.00 
80.  OU 

7.5.00 
6.00 

■36.66 

.5.00 
&00 

40 

11.00 

M 

6.66 

4.66 

65 


66  APPENDIXES. 

EXPENDITURE  FOR  MISCELLANEOUB  ITEMS— Continued. 


Family 
No        . 

Property 

insurance 

(furniture). 

Life  insurance. 

Charity. 

Religion. 

Labor  organi- 
zations. 

Other 

orpanlza- 

tlons. 

1916 

1919 

191S 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1916 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

61 

$51.30 
57.40 
S9.S0 
50.00 

165. 00 

61.20 
39.00 
165.00 
05.32 
44. 00 

25.80 
78.00 
40.40 
20.16 

$56. 00 
57.40 
89.80 
36.00 

1*.00 

69.20 
21.  fiO 
66.80 
70.80 
44.00 

48.80 
78. 00 
24.00 
20.00 

"$r)!6iV 

26.  00 

$04.00 

10.  00 

$50.  00 

20. 1)0 

100. 00 

$65. 00 
35.  00 

200. 00 
5.00 
(i.OO 

12.00 
35.00 
50.00 
35.00 
25.00 

12.50 

50.00 

5.00 

1.00 

$24.00 
4.00 

$42.00 
4.  00 

$12.00 

$12.00 

52       

o3 

54 

15.00 

6.00 

55 -  - 

»3.00 

125  00 

100.00 
15.00 

20. 00 

10.00 
12.00 
18. 00 
30.00 
14.40 

12.00 

30.00 

6.00 

1.00 

19.20 

17.20 

66 

57     

4.00 
6.00 
8.40 

6.00 

58 ] 

2.  00 

6.00 

5.00 

1.20 

10.00 

6.00 

59 

12.00 

12.00 

16.00 

60 

9.00 

61 

24.00 
24.00 

24.00 
24.00 

62 

12.00 

1.00 

6.40 

15.00 

63 

2.90 

4.90 

15.00 

64 

12.00 

16.00 

15.00 

Total..  4 
Average . . 

6.57 
.73 

66.82 
1.04 

4,486.36 
70.10 

4.087.67 
63.87 

492. 25 
7.69 

910. 16 
14.22 

1, 

156.19 
18.07 

1,617.60 
26.28 

420. 45 
6.67 

644.80 
10.08 

153.50 
2.40 

600.60 
9.3S 

Famllv 
No." 

Car  fare. 

Furnitui 
sil 

■e,  uten- 
s. 

Books,  news- 
papers, etc. 

Amusements. 

Vacation. 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1       

$.33.60 

26.00 

3.00 

30.00 

91.00 

58.50 
26.00 
5.00 
40.00 
13.00 

45.00 
7.00 
15. 00 
2f).00 
24.00 

32.00 
13.00 
13- 00 
2.5.00 
25. 00 

30.00 
12. 00 
60  00 
2fi.OO 
2.00 

38. 00 
62.00 
41.00 
5.00 
38.00 

5.00 
88.00 

7.20 
43.00 

5.20 

15.00 
13.00 
35.00 
39.00 
6.00 

$42.00 
31.00 
15.  00 
40.00 
98.00 

10.00 
15.  (K) 

24.  (X) 
20.00 
21.00 

40.00 
30.00 
41.  (iO 
3.00 
4(i.  (W 

35.00 

25.  (XI 
25.  W 
29.70 
15.60 

35.00 
13.00 
93.00 
33  70 

C.fXJ 

24.00 
62. 00 
42.00 
4.00 
49.00 

20.00 

125.00 

10.00 

42.00 

500 

35.00 
10.00 
14.00 
12.00 
5.00 

$5.00 

20.00 

24.5.00 

$30.07 

77.00 

110.00 

181.  50 

42.50 

135.  70 

6.00 

10.00 

65.00 

4.00 

12. 00 

56.55 

52.45 

418.80 

160.90 

42.00 
18.50 
75.  00 
163.60 
74.08 

25.00 
15.00 
81.00 
48.92 
22.19 

170.00 

105.38 

20.00 

5.10 

173.00 

5.00 

36.00 

50.00 

227.82 

150.00 

5.00 
5.00 

$8.00 
6.00 
7.25 
5.52 

27.00 

8.63 
6.25 

10.  80 
6.30 

10.72 

16.00 

3.00 

15.  (X) 

20. 00 
20.00 

.5.  40 
13.12 
7.50 
6.45 
9.50 

9.00 
11.00 
12.92 

.5.40 
15.40 

12.04 
19.44 
10.00 
5.40 
2f}.00 

18  00 
21.00 

9.00 
10  20 

7.28 

6.25 
14.80 

$10.44 

10.00 

75.00 

2.50 

12.75 

10.00 
21.44 
24.48 
61.20 

8.84 

5  00 
10.00 
21.00 
47.00 
14.96 

8.40 

17.00 

12.00 

9.80 

2.04 

20. 00 
12.00 
11.00 
5.40 
10.94 

5.00 

25.00 

7.80 

8.70 

23.00 

18.00 
20.00 
12.00 
16.16 
6.76 

6.00 
27.40 

7.20 
30.00 

6.00 

$5.20 
15.00 
11.70 
12.  00 
12.00 

43.61 
70.00 
1,5.00 
22.00 
20.00 

5.00 
6. 00 

10.00 
6.00 

40.  00 

10.  50 
13.00 
25.  00 
3.00 
24.  fX) 

$26.00 

5.00 

50. 00 

30. 00 

25.00 

80.00 
34.32 
60.00 
46.00 
31.00 

20.00 
20. 00 
22.00 
10.  (X) 
11.70 

10.00 
28.00 
38.50 
25.00 
22.88 

$60.56 

i 

(150.00 

2 

3 

5.00 

22  00 

4 

20.00 

5 

6 

50.00 

123.59 
5.00 
5.00 

100.00 
10.00 

30.00 

60.00 

50.00 

7 

30.00 

8 

25.00 

45.76 

9 

10 

n 

12 

25.no 

13 

130.00 

13.00 

205.00 

3.5.00 

7.00 

305.00 

14.00 
5.00 

20.00 

100.00 

10.  (X) 

2.(XJ 

37.00 

08.  .50 
23.00 

75. 00 

14         

30.00 

16 

160.00 
20.00 

16 

17 

18 

19 

150.00 
19.52 
30.00 

30.00 

75.00 

20         

21           . . . . 

20. 00 

22 

23 

24 

2.00 
5.00 

36.00 
10.00 
10.00 
1.00 
20. 00 

40.00 
5.00 

12.00 
.5.00 
4.00 

15.60 
.5.20 
O.fX) 

13. 00 
8.00 

12.00 

26.52 

4.50 

6.00 
10.  50 
12.00 

0.00 
10.00 

26.00 
22.00 
3.  .50 
18.  16 
10.00 

10.00 
35.00 

25   

3.00 

38.50 

26 

27 

36.00 

29 

30 

31 

2. 00 
10. 00 

50.  00 
2500 
30  00 
15.00 
10.00 

7.00 

185. 00 

1.50. 0') 

20.00 

13.00 

26.00 

20.00 

32 

33 

34 

10.00 

■^1 

20.00 

3»i 

37 

50.00 

38 

39 

48  47  '     8  40 

o.m  '  27.00 

75.  OO  •    4. 00 

10.66 

21..  .50 
12.50 

25.00 

40 

APPEXDIX   D. MISCELLAXEOUS    ITEMS. 

EXPENDITURE   FOR  MISCELLANEOUS  ITEMS— Continued. 


67 


Family 
No 

Car  faro. 

Furniture,  utensils. 

Books,  news- 
papers, etc. 

Amusements. 

Vacation. 

1916 

1G19 

1910 

1919 

1910 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

41 

$eo.oo 

32.00 

M.OO 

7  00 

31.20 

29.00 

78.00 

2.00 

5.00 

40.00 

42.00 
42.00 
12.00 
6.00 
36.40 

12.00 
38.00 
39.00 
39  00 
lU.OO 

32.00 

,50.00 

3.20 

9.00 

$120.00 

81.20 

108.  00 

12.00 

12.00 

40.50 
80.00 
5.00 
10.00 
38.00 

62.00 
85.00 
50.00 
40.00 
60. 00 

35.00 
12  00 
83.53 
40.00 
8.00 

35.00 

60  60 

5.00 

39.00 

$2.00 
liO.OO 
27.50 
37.60 

$24.60 
91.02 
30.00 
56.58 

$12.00 

15.40 

34.85 

13.  40 

8.00 

8.60 

29.00 

5.40 

8.00 

16.00 

13.80 

"7.' 80' 

'1200' 

$17.20 

72.00 

35.00 

12.00 

6.00 

9.00 
67.20 

9.00 
12.20 

4.00 

24.00 
15.00 
12.00 
6.00 
25.00 

5.00 
10.20 
16.25 
45.00 
13.05 

20.00 

15.00 

9.20 

10.00 

$t;.  00 
3.00 

41.00 

4.00 
2.00 

6.00 

"2.' 66" 

15.00 
85.00 

'i5'66' 

4.00 

8.00 

48.00 

6.00 

•    2.00 

10.40 

25.00 

12.00 

2.00 

1.00 
10.00 
20.00 

$2.00 

10.00 

30.00 

25-00 

6.00 

3.60 

5.00 

12.00 

26.90 

20  00 

4.00 
25.00 

7.50 
10.00 
65.00 

6.00 
12.00 
35.00 
35.00 

42 

$5.66 

24.00 

10.00 

4.00 

80.00 

$35.00 

43           .     . 

44          

45         

60.00 

46 

1.00 
52.00 
30.00 

94.54 

60,00 
86.95 
70.52 
68.00 

80.00 
175.00 
137.26 

20.00 
167.00 

47 

48 

100.00 
50.00 

105.00 

49 

5(j 

70.00 

20.00 
26.  .50 
13.00 
48.00 
18.00 

30.00 

2.00 

20.00 

96.  .50 

32.00 

10.00 

15.00 
13.72 
66.00 

51       

50.00 
80.00 
24.50 

52 

40  00 

53   

30.00 

54         .   ... 

S        ; 

30.00 

56 

192.50  1     6.00 
23.98  '     5.40 
28. 75       9. 60 
.55.00     80.90 

292.00       6.84 

115.66       2.00 

60.00 

60.00 

.S7  

12.00 

oS       

59 

60 

50.00 

100.00 

61 

12.00 

TO  00 
48.00 
2*i.00 

62     

180.50 

161. 15 

69.00 

10.00 
10.84 
10.00 

16.66 
276.00 

40.00 

63 

50.00 

64 

Total... 
Avi-raBe . . . 

1,824.30 
28.50 

2,220.82 
34.70 

2, 772. 81 
43.33 

6, 268. 58 
82.32 

782.40 
12.23 

1,132.51 
17.70 

895.  21 
13.99 

1,275.58 
19.93 

1,412.57 
22.07 

1,24S  26 
19.50 

Family 
-N'o 


1.. 
2  . 
3.. 
4.. 
6.. 


0.. 

7.. 
h.. 
9.. 
10. 


11. 

13 

13. 

14. 

16. 


Liquors. 


1016 


$16.60 
12  »i> 


31  30 


16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
'i2. 
23. 
24. 
26. 

ae. 

27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 


lA.OO 


H  26 


1919 


$2«  00 
25.00 


70.00 


10.  no 

W).no 

3  <« 


Tobacco. 


1916 


$10.40 


18.00 

12.00 

4.00 


20.80 
72.80 


5  20 

26  00 

5,00 

18.  rx) 


24.00 

7.80 

5.20 

10.40 

15  60 
13  00 

1H,30 

5  20 

13  (JO 

16  00 


6  40 
6  20 
6.30 
16,00 
6,00 


1919 


$13.00 
26.00 

6.00 
78.00 

5.00 


36  40 
78.00 


6.20 

26.00 
20  00 
54.76 


78.00 

6.00 
26  00 
20.00 
16.60 


12  00 
16.00 
18.20 


glokness. 


1916 


1919 


$50,00 
45.  .50 

134.00 
50.00 
76.00 

23.20 

9.00 

260.00 

220.00 

53.00 

106,00 
65.00 


85.60 
14.00 

22  00 
2.00 

60.00 
6.00 


26.00 
30,00 

16.00 ; 

40.80  I 
ft.00  I 


68,00 

160.00 

112.  (M) 

3.5.00 

35.00 

117  90 

30  00 

10. 00 

60.00 

8.00 


$12. 00 

242.00 

50. UO 

93.00 

260.00 

278. 55 
20  (10 

368.  (H) 
80  f)0 

151. W 

220.00 

75.00 

35.00 

5.50 

13,S.00 

144. W 

115  IK) 
25.00 
61  (K) 
32.00 

96.00 

150  m 

309.110 

66.11 

40.  Of) 

33.00 
200  (10 
26.  HI 
36  20 
M.UO 


Funeral 
expenses. 

1916 


Other  purposes. 


1916 


$35.00 
7.00 

110.  .59 
48.12 
92.61 

71.65 
183  95 
235. 26 
282.19 

68.50 

90.60 

66  .VI 

140.  (Kl 

lis.  45 

293.  K5 

169. HO 
40.18 
80.  W) 
45  38 
36.69 

100  41 

28  (19 
60.60 
19  0(1 
44  (K) 

114.55 

13K  01 
75.  (H) 
40.00 
22.70 


1919 


$12.H  40 
104.no 
143.09 
202.  ,50 
127.80 

1,087.10 

146  S4 

260.  (K) 

216. So 

73.15 

103.  (X) 
429.00 
372. 97 
488.00 
481.. 58 

148. 33 
82.00 
273.  -'0 
127.  .S2 
166.23 

135. 00 
164.00 
161.00 

60  ()6 
128.48 

287.00 
96.70 

138. SO 
68.96 
69.00 


68  APPENDIXES. 

EXPENDITURE   FOR  MISCELLANEOUS   ITEMS-Concliidod. 


Family 

Ni>. 

Liquors. 

Tobacco. 

Sickness. 

Funeral 
expenses. 

Other  purposes. 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1919 

1916 

1916 

1919 

31 

$50.00 

136.00 

$120.00 

$25.00 
22.00 

laj.oo 

26.00 
61.00 

100.00 
25.00 

130.66 
35. 00 
12.00 

39.00 
95.00 

$253. 92 

111  25 

146.60 

26.00 

4.71 

139.30 
117.20 

55.10 
259. 98 

27.30 

65.00 
73.35 
240. 50 
89.00 
42.60 

92.66 

197.  52 

583.  60 

50.00 

10.00 

156.00 
245.  (K) 

34.25 
5.04 

40.00 

60.00 
37.00 
20.00 
118.88 
94.36 

75.07 

9.62 

17.37 

20.00 

$120. 25 

32 

164  00 

33          

$12  00 

12.00 
54.75 
25.00 

5.20 

7.50 

10. 40 

20.00 

30.00 

18.25 
28. 25 
26.00 

120.00 
83.00 
21.00 

8.5.00 
25. (X) 
50.00 
50.00 
112.00 

18.  (X) 
115.00 

141.75 

34 

18.30 
7.80 

185. 80 

35         

13.00 

83.24 

36     

$108. 00 

120.00 

37 

206  48 

38 

15.00 
18.00 
36.00 

18.00 

255. 65 

39         

183.60 

40 

2.00 
2.00 

42  00 

41 

141.28 

42 

lis  64 

43 

1.00 

26.00 

330  00 

44 

35. 00 
4.00 

275.00 

23.66 
35.00 

201.50 
10.00 
315.00 
10.').  (X) 
188.00 

11.00 

68.  (X) 
25.  (XJ 
25.00 
90.00 

25.00 
15.00 
75.  UO 
10.00 
130.00 

250.  CX) 
2.5.00 
10.00 
3B.0O 

4.50  05 

45 

5.00 

$5.00 

18.30 

10.00 
.  13.00 

24.00 

3.00 
15.00 

25  00 

46. 

170. 93 

47     

191  30 

4S         

6.00 
40.00 
92.00 

265.00 
70.00 
22.00 
50.00 
25.00 

20.00 

24.00 
80.00 

310  46 

49 

305  53 

50         

a5.oo 

7.50 

20.80 
3.00 

2.00 

60.00 
5.00 

16  00 

51         

141  00 

52 

.50 

235  90 

53 

40  50 

64     

2.60 
13.00 

10.00 

17.00 

20  00 

65          

203  09 

56         

20.00 

516  30 

57          

102  74 

58  

5.20 

52.00 

191  70 

59         

2.50  00 

60          

25.00 
5.00 

65.00 
10.00 

63.00 

90.00 

32.50 

6.00 

14.00 

124  56 

61           

15.00 

536  50 

6U 

69  70 

63 

10.00 

18.30 
9.60 

157  00 

64         

10.00 

38  00 

Total.. 
Average — 

241.56  1       128.00 
3.77            2.00 

701.90 
10.97 

1,213.30 
18.96 

3,846.60 
60.10 

6,783.52 
90.37 

108.  (X) 
1.69 

6,311.94 
98.62 

12,534.86 
195.86 

APPENDED  E.— EXTENT  TO  WHICH  ACTUAL  COST  OF  QUANTITY  BUDGET 
MAY  BE  LESS  THAN  MARKET  COST. 

As  stated  in  preceding  sections,  the  cost,  at  market  prices,  of  the 
quantity  budget  submitted  as  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  a 
family  of  five  in  health  and  decency  would  be  (at  prices  prevailing 
in  Washington  in  August-September,  1919)  $2,262.47.  The  actual 
cost,  as  also  noted,  might  be  somewhat  less  than  the  cost  at  market 
prices,  for  ih.e  reason  that  a  family  is  very  often  able  to  obtain 
certain  items  in  its  budget  at  less  than  market  cost.  This  is  fre- 
quently so  in  the  matter  of  clothing.  By  closely  following  "spe- 
cial" and  "bargain"  sales,  an  appreciable  saving  may  sometimes  be 
effected  in  certain  articles.  The  present  budget  allows  for  some  pur- 
chases at  "sales"  but  manifestly  it  is  impossible  for  the  housewife  to 
purchase  all  or  even  a  major  portion  of  her  family's  supplies  at  sale 
prices. 

Many  families  are  able  to  accumulate  some  savings  before  marriage 
or  in  the  earlier  years  of  marriage,  such,  for  instance,as  are  used  in 
the  purchase  in  whole  or  in  part  of  a  home.  This,  of  course,  would 
reduce  the  necessary  outlay  for  house  rent,  which  m  this  budget  is 
estimated  to  be  S300  per  year. 

In  these  and  other  wa3's  a  family  is  often  able  to  obtain  the  full 
minimum  quantity  budget  without  spending  the  full  amount  of 
money  represented  b}'  the  current  market  prices  of  the  individual 
itcMiB.  It  is  impossible  to  estimate  with  accuracy  the  possible 
amount  of  such  saving.  However,  a  careful  consideration  of  the 
budget,  item  by  item,  will  indicate  fairly  well  what  the  maximum 
amount  of  saving  miglit  be  in  the  case  of  a  family  which  is  intelligent 
and  iu<ky.  Sudi  an  analysis  has  been  made  and  the  general  results 
arf  [)resento(l  below. 

food.- — Tiie  (juantities  of  food  provided  by  the  present  budget  are 
believed  Ut  be  the  mininmm  amounts  necessary  to  health.  More- 
over, no  8ub.stituU«  which  will  furnish  the  same  food  values  will 
cfToct  any  appreciable  saving  in  cost.  Apjireciable  savings  can  be 
efTocted  only  through  (1)  buying  at  lower  prices  than  those  indic-alcd; 

(2)  buying  in  bulk    -i.  e.,  a  larger  quantity  than  the  ordinary  unit; 

(3)  buying  fruits,  vegetables,  and  other  articles  otdy  in  season,  when 
priees  are  lowest. 

As  regards  the  first  of  those  measures,  purchasing  at  lower  pri<'es 
than  cited  in  this  budget,  it  should  be  noted  that  the  prices  used  are 
the  averages  obtained  from  a  nutnber  of  stores,  all  of  them  located 
in  what  are  supposed  to  be  the  lower-priced  neighborhoods.     The 


70  APPENDIXES. 

variations,  however,  nre  in  no  way  uniform;  that  is  to  say,  the  dealer 
who  had  the  lowest  quotation  on  one  article  might  very  well  have 
had  the  highest  on  another.  Average  prices  so  obtained  would 
seem  to  represent  very  accurately  the  prices  paid  by  a  family  living  in 
those  neighborhoods.  There  are,  however,  considerable  price  differ- 
ences between  stores,  even  when  located  in  the  same  neighborhood 
end  catering  to  the  same  class  of  trade.  A  tabulation  of  the  data 
obtained  shows  that  the  prices  in  the  stores  having  the  lowest  aver- 
age prices  are  about  5  per  cent  cheaper  than  the  average  prices  of  all 
the  stores  combined.  Therefore,  if  a  housewife  is  able  to  find  out 
just  which  store  is  cheapest  on  the  whole,  a  thing  which  is  by  no 
means  easy,  as  the  question  of  quality  must  always  be  considered, 
she  could,  by  dealing  there,  effect  a  total  possible  saving  of  5  per  cent 
of  the  average  of  all  the  stores  covered  by  this  investigation.  This 
would  mean  a  saving  of  $38.70  on  the  $773.93  allowed  for  food  in  this 
budget. 

As  regards  the  second  possible  method  of  economy,  buying  in  bulk, 
the  amount  of  saving  is  limited  by  the  fact  that  only  a  very  few  com- 
modities can  be  bought  in  bulk  and  kept  without  spoiling.  These 
commodities  are  chiefly  eggs  (for  preserving  with  water  glass  or 
other  method),  condensed  milk,  flour,  canned  and  dried  fruits, 
canned  vegetables,  and  canned  soups.  Their  cost  constitutes  about 
one-seventh  of  the  total  food  cost,  and  a  saving  of  10  per  cent  by 
purchasing  them  in  bulk,  a  fairly  high  percentage,  would  result  in  a 
saving  of  less  than  U  per  cent  in  the  total  food  budget.  This  would 
amount  to  $11.61  on  the  total  of  $773.93  allowed  for  food  in  this 
budget. 

A  practical  difficulty  to  purchasing  in  bulk  is  that  it  means  tying 
up  a  considerable  amount  of  money  for  a  considerable  period,  a 
thing  which  most  workers'  families  are  unable  to  do. 

As  regards  the  third  suggested  measure  for  economy,  avoiding  the 
purchase  of  foods  out  of  season,  effort  was  made  in  preparing 
the  present  budget  to  obtain  the  lowest  seasonal  prices  on  all  com- 
modities subject  in  any  considerable  degree  to  seasonal  variation. 
Inasmuch,  however,  as  the  investigation  could  not  cover  all  seasons 
of  the  year,  some  error  may  have  been  made  in  this  respect.  At  the 
most,  however,  such  an  error  could  not  be  very  great  as  the  num- 
ber of  commodities  which  may  be  so  affected  is  very  limited,  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  fresh  fruits  and  fresh  vegetables.  A  possible  error 
of  1  per  cent  on  the  total  food  cost  due  to  this  cause  would  seem 
an  extremely  liberal  estimate.  The  money  saving  thereby  effected 
would  be  $7.74  on  the  $773.93  allowed  for  food  in  this  budget. 

It  would  appear,  therefore,  that  under  the  most  favorable  condi- 
tiouB  the  total  saving  on  the  food  budget  here  submitted  would  not 


APPENDIX   E. — POSSIBLE   SAVINGS   ON    COST   OF   BUDGET.  71 

exceed  7^  per  cent.  This  -would  ainount  to  S58.04  and  reduce  the 
total  cost  from  S773.93  to  $715.89. 

Clothing. — In  obtaining  the  clothing  prices  listed  in  this  budget, 
effort  was  made  to  obtain  the  lowest  prices  consistent  with  the 
necessary  degree  of  desirability.  In  doing  so,  probably  more  stores 
were  visited  and  more  "shopping"  done  than  the  average  housewife 
is  able  to  do.  Also,  some  allowance  was  made  for  the  purchase  of 
certain  articles  at  special  sale  prices.  On  the  other  hand,  it  was 
impracticable  to  continue  the  investigation  for  a  sufficient  time  to 
cover  all  the  special-sale  periods,  which  for  the  most  part  are  seasonal. 
Moreover,  it  is  to  be  noted  that,  while  these  special  sales  used  to  be 
frequent,  thej*  are  infrequent  at  the  present  time,  and  the  reductions 
offered  are  usually  very  small.  Thus,  it  is  by  no  means  certain, 
but  it  is  possible,  that  a  careful  purchaser,  by  following  all  the  special 
and  seasonal  sales,  could  purchase  many  of  the  articles  of  clothing 
at  somewhat  lower  prices  than  those  listed  in  this  budget.  The 
actual  amount  of  possible  saving  by  tliis  method  of  purchase  can  not, 
of  course,  be  determined  with  any  accuracy,  but  the  maximum 
saving  it  would  seem  could  not  very  well  exceed  5  per  cent  of  the 
total  amount  allowed  for  clothing  expenditure,  as  real  "bargain" 
sales  are  now  unusual,  and  reductions  on  certain  clothing  articles 
ar<-  rarely  if  ever  made. 

The  only  other  methods  by  which  saving  on  clothing  prices  can 
be  effected  are  by  second-hand  purchases  and  by  making  over 
one  member's  garments  for  another  member.  The  present  budget 
does  not  consider  the  purchase  of  second-hand  clothes.  To  do  so 
would  tend  to  convert  it  to  a  charity  or  pauper  level  and  would 
remove  that  element  of  self-respect  and  decency  which  has  been  con- 
stantly held  in  mind  in  pre])jiring  this  budget. 

No  such  criticism  lies  agairisl  the  making  ovei  <>f  the  garments  of 
one  member  of  a  family  for  another  nu'nd)ei'.  A  family,  for  instance, 
may  very  properly  be  exj)ected  to  "pass  on"  the  outgrown  clotlics 
of  one  chiM  lo  a  smaller  child,  or  to  make  over,  say,  the  wife's  coat 
for  the  young  fjirl.  Those  possil)ilitieB  have  been  recognized  in 
preparing  this  budget  and  have  been  allowed  for  in  tlie  case  of  cer- 
tain simple  garments.  It  has  not  been  allowed  for  to  its  fullest 
poHsilfh'  (ixtent,  as  the  making  over  of  garnients  usually  means  con- 
siderable lieavy  tailoring,  and  it  was  felt  that  tlie  wife  in  this  ])ar- 
tienlar  family  was  alreafjy  8uffIci(Mitly  })urdened,  and  the  expense 
ol  having  such  work  done  outside  by  regular  tailors  is  usually  so 
high  as  to  be  uneconomical. 

In  any  case,  however,  there  is  a  definite  limit  to  the  saving  which 
may  be  effected  by  "passing  on"  old  clothes.  Yov  moat  of  the  items 
listed  in  the  budget,  a  life  as  long  as  consistent  with  usefulness  has 
been   assumed.    It   is   assumed,    for   instance,    that   the   husband's 


72  APPENDIXES. 

raincoat,  after  six  years'  wear,  and  his  overcoat  after  four  years' 
wear,  will  be  too  worn  for  "passing  on"  purposes.  However,  there 
ai'e  a  few  items  in  the  list  of  which  this  may  not  be  true. 

The  ages  and  sexes  of  the  children  selected  for  this  particular 
budget  are  not  those  wliich  lend  themselves  most  conveniently  to 
the  making  over  and  passing  on  of  garments,  and  in  making  a  pos- 
sible com])utrttion  on  this  point,  the  particular  family  presented  in 
the  standard  budget  has  not  been  rigidly  followed. 

Assuming  a  family  with  a  small  boy,  it  would  seem  that  he  might 
inherit  one  suit  a  year  made  over  from  the  husband's  worn-out  suit. 
Such  a  suit  would  probably  save  the  family  from  S8  to  $10  a  year. 

FYom  the  wife's  wool  suit,  a  dress  might  be  made  for  a  small  girl. 
A  suit  of  the  price  allowed  in  the  wife's  budget  would  not  be  of  heavy 
enough  material  to  be  used  for  a  cliild's  coat.  A  wool-serge  dress 
for  a  child  appears  in  the  budget  as  S6  for  two  years — or  $3  a  year. 
This  amount  might  be  saved  by  making  over  the  wife's  suit  into  a 
dress. 

If  in  the  family  there  should  be  another  small  girl,  the  wife's  wool- 
serge  dress  might  be  made  over  into  a  dress  for  her  and  a  similar 
saving  of  $3  a  year  be  effected. 

The  wife's  coat  might  possibly  be  made  over  into  a  coat  for  a 
small  bo}'  or  girl,  replacing  a  child's  coat,  which  if  purchased  now 
would  cost  SI 2  for  two  years  or  $6  a  year. 

^Uso  in  some  families  where  the  children's  sizes  permit,  overcoats 
may  be  handed  down  without  alterations  and  a  saving  of  about  $6 
a  year  effected. 

Some  families  find  it  possible  also  to  cut  down  and  make  over  the 
larger  worn-out  garments  of  winter  underwear  for  the  smaller  mem- 
bers of  the  family.  If  some  such  policy  as  this  is  adopted,  the  entire 
allowance  of  winter  underwear  for  the  youngest  member  of  the 
family  may  be  eliminated  and  result  in  a  saving  of  $4  or  $5. 

It  is  possible  to  conceive  of  a  family  where  a  saving  of  $25  to  $30 
a  year  might  be  effected  by  the  muking-over  and  the  "passing-on" 
method;  but  since  no  allowance  has  been  made  for  the  cost  of  "find- 
ings" and  necessary  trimmings  in  the  making  over  of  garments,  $25, 
or  about  5  per  cent  of  the  clothing  total,  is  perhaps  the  maximum 
amount  which  should  be  considered. 

This  saving  will  be  possible  only  in  the  event  of  a  wife  who  is 
quite  skilled  as  a  seamstress  and  who  can  find  time,  after  attending 
to  numerous  other  duties,  to  do  this  additional  amount  of  sewing. 

The  saving  of  5  per  cent  by  buying  at  special  sales,  and  of  an  addi- 
tional 5  per  cent  by  making  over  and  passing  on  garments,  would 
reduce  the  clothing  budget  by  10  percent,  or  from  S513.72  to  S462.35. 

Hoiisin/^,  fuel  and  light. — The  budget  here  submitted  allows  $25 
per  month  for  rent.     This  is  not  the  absolute  minimum,  as  some 


APPENDIX   E. POSSIBLE   SAVINGS   ON   COST   OF   BUDGET.  73 

families  were  found  living  in  houses  for  which  the  monthly  rent  was 
$22.50  (and  in  a  very  few  cases  lower).  On  the  other  hand,  houses, 
not  appreciably  better,  were  renting  for  $27.50  per  month  and  over. 
Thus,  rents  are  not  completely  standardized,  and  the  precise  amount 
of  rent  paid  is  in  considerable  part  a  matter  of  chance.  A  monthly 
rent  of  $25  seems  to  be  the  probable  minimum  for  which  the  average 
family  could  obtain  a  small  house  in  a  low  rent  neighborhood.  With 
exceptional  good  fortune  it  might  obtain  an  equally  good  house  for 
$22.50.  The  possibility  of  getting  such  a  house  at  a  lower  rent  than 
$22.50  is  so  small  as  to  be  negligible.  The  maximum  saving  on 
house  rent,  as  a  result  of  exceptional  good  fortmie,  may  thus  be  esti- 
mated as  not  over  $2.50  per  month,  or  $30  per  year. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  needs  to  be  emphasized  that  the  investiga- 
tion of  rents,  made  as  part  of  this  study,  covered  only  the  rents 
being  paid  by  occupants.  Many  of  these  occupants  had  been  living 
in  the  same  house  for  a  long  period  and  had  thus  benefited  under 
the  Saulsbury  Act.  In  all  probability  the  rent  paid  by  such  families 
will  be  subject  to  some  increase  in  the  near  future. 

It  is  felt  that  the  amount  allowed  for  fuel  and  lighting  ($128  per 
year)  can  not  be  reduced  by  any  practicable  economy.  This  simi 
was  based  upon  a  study  of  the  actual  expenditures  of  families  in 
small  houses  during  the  year  ending  August,  1919.  It  is  believed 
that  these  families  did  not  spend  more  on  fuel  and  lighting  than 
necessary  for  warmth  and  comfort,  and,  moreover,  the  past  winter 
in  Washington  was  one  of  very  mild  temperature,  requiring  less  fuel 
for  heating  than  the  average  winter. 

Upkeep  of  hmi.<ir  fvrniture  and  fvrnifihiiin.<i. — If  the  husband  and 
wife  are  fairly  good  mechanics,  some  small  saving  may  be  effected 
by  home  rfpiiir  work  in  connortion  l^oth  witii  the  house  proper  and 
with  the  furriitiiro  and  furnishings  of  the  house.  On  those  hiltor 
items  the  saving  could  not  bo  very  groat  as  most  of  the  items  allowed 
in  the  budget  are  for  the  roplaconiont  of  household  linen,  tableware 
and  kitrhon  ware.  These  have  already  been  priced  at  what  seem 
U)  be  minimum  prices.  'ITiorofore,  a  possible  cutting  on  these  items 
of  house  furniture  and  furnishings  of  810  per  year  would  seem  to  be 
extremely  libernl. 

I/invdmi  v'nrl\  The  budgof  suhmiftod  nllows  the  housewife  out- 
giflo  help  to  the  extent  of  hiritig  an  ansistant  with  tlie  washing  for  one 
day  per  week  at  $2  a  dny.  It  was  folt  that  the  nvorage  housewife, 
with  her  other  variorl  (lufi(>s,  wouhl  not  be  physically  able  to  do  the 
full  laundry  for  a  family  of  five.  Ft  might  happen,  however,  if  the 
wife  wore  except ionnlly  strong,  thiit  the  laundry  for  the  family 
could  be  done  with  less  outside  help.  For  instance,  it  might  be 
pos'^ible  to  economize  by  securing  a^sistnnro  with  only  the  heavy 
part  of  the  washing.     If  a  woman  could  bo  secured  for  this  purpose 


74  APPETTDTXES. 

at  SI  for  a  part  of  a  day  a  week,  a  saving  of  $52  a  year  would  result. 
This  would  certainly  cut  the  laundry  expense  to  the  minimum,  since 
the  budget  does  not  allow  for  sending  the  husband's  linen  to  a 
steam  laundry,  a  practice  which  is  now  almost  universal. 

Gleaning  and  supplies. — In  the  purchase  of  soap,  tooth  paste,  and 
laundry  supplies  a  saving  of  about  10  per  cent  might  be  effected  by 
purchasing  at  certain  down-town  cut-rate  stores  and  by  purchasing 
in  quantities.  If  this  should  be  done  there  would  be  a  saving  of 
about  S2.50  in  the  cost  budget  as  previously  presented. 

Health. — The  allowance  of  $80  per  year  for  the  maintenance  of 
hejdth — physician's  charges,  medicines,  oculist,  and  dentist — is  so 
small  for  a  family  of  five  that  no  reduction  in  this  item  is  possible. 
It  is  highly  questionable,  indeed,  whether  the  allowance  is  sufficiently 
high. 

Insurance. — No  controversy  can  exist  as  to  the  importance  of  the 
husband  of  a  family  carrying  insurance  on  his  life.  As  regards  the 
proper  amount  to  carry  questions  may  arise,  but  a  $5,000  policy 
seems  none  too  high. 

Furniture  insurance — at  $1.50  per  year — would  seem  to  justify  its 
slight  expense  by  the  protection  offered. 

Gar  fare. — The  budget  presented  allows  the  husband  car  fare  to 
and  from  work  each  workday.  Tliis  would  seem  justified  on  the 
ground  that  such  a  considerable  portion  of  Government  employees 
must  of  necessity  live  at  such  a  distance  from  their  work  as  to  require 
daily  car  riding.  On  the  other  liand,  it  may  be  argued  that  an  em- 
ployee, forced  to  economize,  sliould  obtain  a  house  or  apartment  near 
his  work  and  that  this  is  more  readily  possible  in  Wasliington,  with 
its  small  business  section,  than  in  most  other  cities.  If  the  latter 
course  is  pursued,  there  would  be  an  annual  saving  in  car  fare  of  $30. 

The  allowance  of  three  other  car  rides  per  week  for  the  family 
as  a  whole  seems  to  be  a  minimum,  as  some  car  riding  in  a  large  city — 
shopping,  marketing,  visiting  friends,  etc.— ^is  almost  inevitable. 

Amusement  and  recreation. — The  allowance  of  $20  per  year  for  a 
family  of  five  is  so  small  that  no  reduction  is  possible  without  com- 
plete social  isolation. 

Newspapers.  The  budget  allows  one  daily  newspaper.  No  re- 
duction of  this  item  seems  possible  or  desirable. 

Gliurch  and  labor  organizations. — An  allowance  of  25  cents  per  week 
for  church  purposes  and  of  SIO  a  year  for  labor  organizations  seems  a 
low  minimum. 

Incidentals. — An  exceptionally  fortunate  family,  and  one  so 
tlirifty  as  to  do  little  corresponding  or  telephoning  and  to  give  little 
to  charity  or  as  patriotic  contributions,  might  affect  a  reduction  in 
this  item,  but  certainly  not  more  than  25  per  cent.  This  would  mean 
a  saving  of  S1.3  per  year. 


appe:n"dix  e. — possible  sayings  oisr  cost  of  budget.        75 

Savings. — In  the  preparation  of  this  budget  it  has  been  assumed 
that  the  husband  during  his  unmarried  years  and  the  wife  and 
husband  during  the  early  period  of  marriage  have  been  saving 
against  the  time  when  an  increasmg  family  places  an  increasing 
burden  upon  their  income.  Thus  it  has  been  assumed  that  the  total 
permanent  equipment  of  the  household  will  have  been  purchased 
during  this  early  period,  representing  an  investment  of  possibly  a 
thousand  dollars.  The  point  then  arises  as  to  what  further  saving 
may  be  assumed  as  reasonable.  It  is  impossible  to  estimate  the  ex- 
act amount,  depending  as  it  does  on  the  income  of  the  man.  But  if  a 
Government  employee  of  the  lower  salaried  group,  during  his  single 
and  early  married  years,  has  been  able  to  save  SI, 000  (in  addition 
to,  say,  $1,000  invested  in  household  furniture),  he  will  have  accom- 
plished as  much  in  the  practice  of  tlirift  as  can  reasonably  be  expected. 
This  wiU  represent  an  annual  saving  of  approximately  12^  per  cent 
of  his  salary  over  a  period  of  years.  If  he  has  invested  this  sura  in  a 
small  house,  he  would  be  freed  from  the  necessity  of  paying  rent, 
although,  of  course,  he  would  have  the  burden  of  taxes,  insurance, 
and  repairs.  If  he  has  invested  it  in  interest-bearing  securities,  \\e 
would  receive  an  annual  income  of  approximately  $50, 

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